The different types of equipment in the office are computer, fax machine, franking machine, photocopier, printer and scanner.…
In this essay, I will be analysing the strengths of the British constitution and comparing it to a codified constitution, I will also discuss its weaknesses and whether ‘extremely strong’ is an exaggeration and it lacks the qualities of a reliable constitution.…
Parliament is the national representative body which has supreme legislative powers within its jurisdiction. While it oversees the completion of a number of other tasks parliaments’ main role is undoubtedly to make and pass laws and it has to be said that it achieves this role efficiently. Parliament and the members of parliament are elected solely by the people and are therefore responsible to the voting public. When passing laws parliament has the ability to, as part of its law making process obtain expert opinion with regards to tough and controversial issues. This process of law making is a completely structured procedure which follows a routine series of stages whenever a piece of legislation is proposed. These factors amongst others all contribute to the effective and efficient law making system that parliament is. While like any other structured organisation parliament has a number of weaknesses and faults these are minor and have very little effect on parliament as a law-making institution.…
ii) Technically this means that Parliament could, at any time, add/amend/remove any Act of Parliament, hence altering the constitution…
It is important to understand the structure of the parliamentary system within which the machinery of government operates. Parliament is known as a bi-cameral legislature where by decision making autonomy resides with the lower house. The House of Commons and the House of Lords exists as a check upon the powers exerted by respective governments thou right it’s debating and ratification functions. In theory, the bi-cameral legislature in British political system exists to ensure that policy and legislation is created democratically and secondly to protect the country from autocracy or the emergence of dictatorships. Although it could be argued that both of these functions of parliament have been apparent in recent history. In this essay I aim to answer the question to what extent is parliament an effective constraint on the executive.…
In 1698, King James I of England published a book concerning his rule as an absolutist monarch called, True Law of Free Monarchies. In this book, King James I justifies his actions as an absolutist leader and reasserts his role in the government as an all powerful center of authority. James I explains how parliament is simply the bridge between the king and his vassals. He states all noteworthy acts are done through the king who passes laws and regulations of the people's request. His final words were, every action is done through the king because he is all powerful and above the law, but as a leader, continues to care for his people.…
There is an element of truth in the given statement and this essay will seek to explain UK’s Parliament today does, to a certain degree, lack democratic accountability, and this can be shown in dominance of the (i) Executive, (ii) Unrepresentative, and its (iii) Detachment from citizens.…
The clash between the two political models of absolutism and constitutionalism is the catalyst for the progression in English politics. With William and Mary as their rulers, the Parliament didn’t need to worry about a Catholic ruler and even better they were able to get their rulers to recognize the Bill of Rights of 1689. Finally able to limit the power of the monarch, making the ruler subject to the law and the consent of Parliament, the theory of a constitutional monarchy was put into action through this bill. This is the beginning of England’s, later Great Britain, rise to being a world power and setting an example that others will soon…
Re: Authority of Parliament in relation to the Upper House, [1980] 1 SCR 54, 1979…
In the next passage talks about how the legislative power needs to be established and in check. It is the supreme power of the commonwealth and unalterable. There are certain bounds on the legislature. Laws must be unvaried, laws must serve only the public, can’t raise taxes on the property of people without their consent, and can’t…
Parliament is the supreme law making body consisting of all elected members of both houses. Its main role is to make laws, laws that not only protect society and individual rights but reflect the societies values. Parliament can be viewed as an arena for debate where new ideas for laws and proposed laws are discussed and debated on their purpose for an effective law to be delivered. Thus lessening the chance of an unjust law being created. However, parliament is not always effective when making laws as many factors can hinder the process of legislation within the two houses. However there are multiple strengths that far outweigh the weaknesses when determining parliament’s effectiveness.…
The Magna Carta set limits on the power of the King, but did not disrupt the balance of power between the beholder of the high positions in Britian. The English monarchs enjoyed almost full power through the 18th century; Henry VII and Elizabeth are examples. They answered to Parliament sometimes, but mostly the Parliament answered to them since they held more power. It wasn't until the 19th century that the things began to change and form a new leadership that we later changed into what we have today. One example I would like to refer to is the reign of Elizabeth II. Her reign has been considered an un-necessary reign in England’s history. Although Royal Prerogatives still exist in Britain, many doubt that they will be employed.…
Parliament is the supreme law-making body in the UK. This means that there are no constitutional restrains on legislative powers. This also includes the fact that courts are under an obligation to give effect to legislation passed by Parliament and not question statutes. Most importantly, Parliamentary Sovereignty is not a constitutional relic. This is simply because UK courts cannot strike down Act of Parliament. First assertion of Dicey is that Parliament’s legislative competence is unlimited. This was shown in Mortensen v Peters (1906). In this case, it was held that parliament is supreme over international law and UK courts felt bound to apply the UK Act, even though it was in contravention of international law. Another case that illustrates…
This excerpt is from Michael J. Sandel, Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?, pp. 21-30, by permission of the publisher.…
To define parliamentary sovereignty does not seem too complicated when it is assessed in isolation. Only in connection with other constitutional principles difficult tensions arise. The orthodox view of parliamentary sovereignty is simply that only parliament has the right to make or unmake law and that no other institution can challenge that right. This also includes the rule that parliament cannot bind its successors. Parliament can follow its own procedural rules as it wishes and court cannot examine the procedure by which legislation has been passed (enrolled bill rule).…