Running Head: BECAUSE IT’S PROBABLE: REVIEWING PROBABLE CAUSE, WARRANTS, SEARCHES, ARRESTS, AND HOW THEY INTERTWINE.…
The pressure a witness feels in a lineup to choose a suspect can be a great one. Often times the witness looks to the police officer for guidance. When a witness is not sure they may identify a suspect and after ask the police officer how well they did and if they choose the right person. When conducting a lineup, a police officer should be careful not to give feedback or confirmation. When a police officer simply says “good job” even if the witness chooses wrong, it can cause a huge confident boost. When its time for the trial the witness is more likely to make the same mistake again (Clare, 2012, para. 7). When conducting a lineup, the police should use the Blind or Blinded Administration method. In this method the police officer does not know anything about who the suspect is. This will prevent any suggestive or…
1In 2002, New Yorkers were stopped by the police 97,296 times. 80,176, or 82 percent, were innocent. That means that out of 10 people stopped, about 8 were not just innocent, but were being unreasonably harassed by a figure of authority that could probably be assisting in a more exigent situation. In 2010, those numbers skyrocketed to 601,285 people stopped. Of those stopped, 518,849, or 88%, were found to be innocent. The shocking thing about this is the demographics of those stopped. 315,083, or 54%, were black, 189,326, or 33%, were Hispanic, while only 54,810 or 9%, were white. Despite the fact that there are 3,646,109 white people living in New York City in 2010 (44.6% of the NYC population for 2010), only 9%…
Racial profiling has influenced many people across the world; it has been a huge problem which needs to be resolved. The points discussed in this paper basically touch on why racial profiling is unacceptable and how it needs to be sustained. Why minorities shouldn’t have to suffer because of false stereotypes; also shouldn’t have to deal with bias opinions of the law. America is the land of the free also a place where second chances are embraced. There’s points made on how people reacted to racial profiling, and some resolutions. The ultimate goal is to minimize this epidemic in hopes people can start raising more…
• a search of a student by a teacher or other school official will be "justifie…
1. BIAS IN POLICE STOPS? In the late 1990s, popular, legal, and political concerns were raised across the United States about police harassment of minority groups in their everyday encounters with law enforcement. These concerns focused on the extent to which police were stopping people on the highways for “driving while black” (seeWeitzer 2000; Harris 2002; Lundman and Kaufman 2003). Additional concerns were raised about racial bias in pedestrian stops of citizens by police predicated on “zero-tolerance” policies to control quality-of-life crimes and policing strategies concentrated in minority communities that targeted illegal gun possession and drug trafficking (see Fagan, Zimring, and Kim 1998; Greene 1999; Skolnick and Caplovitz 2001; Fagan and Davies 2000, 2003; Fagan 2002; Gould and Mastrofski 2004).…
One of the major problems that police deal with is bias-based policing. Bias-based policing is best described as practices that police intentionally use based on ethnicity, gender, religion, age, and sexual orientation. It also includes racial profiling (p.31). In my opinion, this problem will always be around, because there will always be at least one bad police officer. In order for us to minimize this problem, police officers should interact with the people in the community more. If the police made relationships with people of all races, it would make it easier for the community to trust law…
Gun deaths have been in general decline for 20 years. Between 1993 and 2000 the tally of gun deaths was down by 50%. As of 2012, there are 310 million handguns in America, 114 million handguns, 110 million rifles and 86 million shot guns." (Cooper 14). This means that guns are no where near as big of a problem as democrats make it out to be. Gun deaths are lower than ever and only continue to go down. “Clinton said “Her advisors think guns, including the assault weapons ban, could help Clinton break through to the female voters who are reluctant to trust her.”” (Elliott and Frizell). “Gun owners are rarely pigeonholed against all gun laws. They usually believe in some regulations." (Cooper 13). Gun owners are not stubborn morons like…
“Earlier this year, a 12-month study by Cambridge University researchers revealed that when the city of Rialto, California, required its cops to wear cameras, the number of complaints filed against officers fell by 88 percent and the use of force by officers dropped by almost 60 percent” (Bailey). It seems that the camera acts as an impartial witness and it cools the tension between the officer and the citizen. And when the police is acting kind because there is a camera, the civilian will act kind and they will be happy with the officer and will not file any complaints. Dr. Wesley G. Jennings, principal investigator for the study and associate chair in USF’s Department of Criminology, said officers in Orlando were initially skeptical about the equipment, with some claiming that body cameras wouldn’t change their willingness to use force during an arrest. The statistics appear to tell a different story, even though only one in four officers in the study agreed that wearing the devices had any impact on their behavior in the field (Wing). Some people were not convinced that body cameras would change a thing but studies from the Department of Criminology show that the officers themselves say that officers change their behavior in their department. A study at Florida Atlantic University showed “citizens who had a more positive view of police and thought they were treating people fairly…
The volatile issues that surrounds “racial profiling” has led police agencies across the nation to start collecting information about traffic stops, especially for people of color. The controversy is supported by research that police officers may be racially biased in their decision making to stop someone. The article that was published in 2012 studies the consensus and conflict theories concerning racial disparities in the rate of police stops. The author suggested that both police deployment and race out of place arguments played a significant role in explaining the patterns of street stops, traffic stops, probable cause and consent searches.…
Robin Shepard Engel, and Jennifer M Calnon. "Examining the Influence of Drivers’ Characteristics During Traffic Stops With Police: Results from a National Survey" Justice Quarterly 21.1 (2004): 50-54. Platinum Periodicals, ProQuest. Web. 4 Apr. 2011.…
Imagine your walking down the street minding your own business and suddenly you have an officer waving a badge in your face. The officer begins to feel you up and grope you. Grabbing whatever is in your pocket and tossing it around without concern. Stop and frisk is the controversial policing tactic when street cops looking for weapons and drugs stop and pat down civilians at random. Since 1968 the stop and frisk law has resulted in sexual abuse and racial profiling.85% stopped are Black or Latino; out of everyone stopped 82% were innocent of any crime. For young African American men, the constant threat posed by stop and frisk is a concern when leaving the house, walking around the neighborhood, and going out with friends. If they fail to show identification, obey orders from police or respond as expected, they can be harassed, beaten or worse.…
"Poor police-community relations adversely affect the ability of the police to prevent crime and apprehend criminals. People hostile to the police are not so likely to report violations of the law, even when they are the victims. They are even less likely to report suspicious persons or incidents, to testify as witnesses voluntarily, or to come forward and provide information ... . Yet citizen assistance is crucial to law enforcement agencies if the police are to solve an appreciable portion of the crimes that are committed." (Sullivan, Dunham, & Alpert, 1987).…
Policing have become a major concern today in the United States. The citizens of the United States confidence and trust in policing of the police are at the lowest point since the Rodney King beating. Many Americans still report confidence in the police, however an unprecedented number of Americans also report no or very little confidence in policing. Throughout history poor police/community relations in minority and low-income neighborhoods has documented. It has been exacerbated by egregious acts of misconduct, some of which have been captured on video and shared on social media. Many people such as activists, politicians, and police officials themselves have called for better education and equipment, from de-escalation training to body-worn…
I shadowed the best officer in my community, Mr. Phil Reynolds. He showed me how the police department works as a team to prevent violation of the law. When the eight-hour shift was almost over Mr. Phil received a call from the local police department saying: “Male subject came into the bank- they weren't able to help him because he didn't have any I.D. went and plugged up all their toilets and rigged them so they keep running. The subject is in the parking lot saying that his car broke down.” (“Job shadow”). So now Mr. Phil and I had to look for this guy all around Centralia and Chehalis. It is not a local car but we are doing the best and fastest thing to find him. “He was driving a black Toyota and wearing a blue sweater and blue jeans.” (“Job shadow”). We never found him but Mr. Phil was ready for any other call or situation about this subject, after all, this chase I asked Mr. Reynolds: “What if you receive a call and you don’t understand what the situation is? I mean, what if they try to use the false information against you or any other partner?” He responded to me: “Well, I always say what I want sometimes I don’t even think before I speak but I just tell them. I am responsible for what I say. But I am not responsible for what they understand.” (“Job shadow”). A typical day for a police officer is different, harder and more dangerous than any other job. In the mornings a police officer will usually take a cup of coffee and have a normal morning but knowing that they may not come back home and have a cup of coffee the next morning. Most shifts begin with a briefing or roll call session of 10-30 minutes. Here, a supervisor will assign beats (patrol sectors) and radio call numbers, advise of any special details or assignments that might have to be covered during the shift (e.g. a high school football game is set to end at 10pm, and an officer should be in the area for traffic control), and brief…