The author Leo Tolstoy uses the character Ivan Ilyich to demonstrate how societal pressures often lead people to marry for the wrong reasons and how loveless or meaningless marriages often occur for different reasons. Ivan Ilyich belonged in the upper class of society and he acted based on how a person in this class would act. Ivan Ilyich acted based on how society wanted him to act. Ivan planned to find fulfillment by acquiring property and wealth and getting married. Ivan adopted the beliefs of society at this time. Ivan Ilyich marries only because society expects him to take a wife.
When Praskovya tells Ivan about her pregnancy, Ivan retreats from his wife and absorbs himself in his official work. Later on in the book when the marriage becomes increasingly difficult, Ivan adopts a formal, contractual attitude toward his family. He shows a character where he does not have any personal relationship with his wife and children.
Ivan Ilyich portrays the illusion of reality in his act. Many of the minor characters, especially the physicians, depicted the theme. As Ivan Ilyich was becoming sick, many of the doctors came to check on him. Ivan had a problem with these doctors because they dodged the fact that Ivan was going to die. Ivan saw right through these physicians knowing that they were clouding their diagnosis. Ivan's friends, too, became Tolstoy's target for illusion of reality. When they went to Ivan's funeral, they thought that they "should" or "have to" go and comfort the widow. Their real reasoning behind everything was to see who would take Ivan's position at work. Another example of illusion of reality occurs when Ivan is lying down in