Double Circulation Case Study

The oxygen gas is first brought into the body through the nasal cavity. Once the O₂ molecule has entered the body through the nose, it will travel down the esophagus into the bronchi. It will then go through the lung tissue and into the bloodstream where is it dissolved and absorbed by the red blood cells. Once it is taken up by the red blood cells into will travel throughout the body until it has reached a cell that is in need of oxygen in order to last. In this case the O₂ molecule will travel throughout the body until is has reached the active muscle cell in the left calf.
Carbon Dioxide will leave the cell by diffusion. The CO₂ molecule will be absorbed back into the bloodstream and will circulate through the body until it has reached
Which is an example of double circulation. The necessary adaptation of the 4 chambered heart was to support endothermy. Endothermic animals needed more energy, so the heart needed to deliver oxygen faster. The artery is the stout, walled tube that helps form the circulation system. Blood is transferred through these tubes from the heat, to all of the body. The vein is also a part of the circulation system. The vein is what brings the oxygen depleted blood back to the heart. The artery’s for most part are bigger/stronger then most veins. This being because the atreys have to pump the oxygenated blood from the heart, to all over the body. The veins only have to bring the oxygen depleted blood back to the heart.
In the counter current exchange system in fish, the water carrying the gas flows in the opposite direction of the blood. It maintains the diffusion gradient over the entire length of the gill capillary. This maximizes the O₂transfer from water to blood. The air has a greater concentration of O₂. The respiratory surfaces that are exposed to air do not have to be ventilated as intensely as gills. This is why O₂ and CO₂ diffuse quickly through air. Since air does not weigh as much as water does it not use as much energy pumping it in and