Downstream Processing
Chapter 4
Downstream Processing
Objectives
Student should be able to Define filtration, centrifugation, cell disruption, solvent extraction, chromatography, membrane process, action of force field, evaporation & drying Explain briefly on the concept of each topics stated above List out the uses & importance of each topic stated
Introduction
Each stage in the overall recovery procedure is strongly dependent on the history & quality of the biological production process. Maximization of production can lead to great difficulties in down streaming and recently more attention is being paid to overall process optimization. E.g. maximization of product flow from downstream process.
Fermentation parameter factors affecting the DSP
The location of the product (intracellular or extracellular) will define the initial separation steps and purification strategy. The stability of the product defines the need & kind of pretreatment for inactivation or stabilization. The product, by-products, impurities & any additions to the broth (antifoam) may form an interfacial layer in extraction steps, give peaks in chromatography, block membranes in ultrafiltration and analytical equipment; also salts & trace elements often have to be removed prior to pharmaceutical use. Nutrient medium residues (pesticides, herbicides, etc.)
Downstream Processing
Recovery & purification of biosynthetic products, (e.g. pharmaceutical, fermentation broth, etc) An essential step in manufacture of pharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes & natural flavor & fragrances compounds
Stages in Downstream Processing
1.
Removal of insolubles
Capture product as a solute in a particulatefree liquid E.g Cells separation, cell debris, particulate matter from fermentation broth Operations involved are filtration, centrifugation, flocculation, electroprecipitation & gravity settling. Grinding, homogenization, or leaching – for recovering solid products
Stages in Downstream Processing
2.
Downstream Processing
Objectives
Student should be able to Define filtration, centrifugation, cell disruption, solvent extraction, chromatography, membrane process, action of force field, evaporation & drying Explain briefly on the concept of each topics stated above List out the uses & importance of each topic stated
Introduction
Each stage in the overall recovery procedure is strongly dependent on the history & quality of the biological production process. Maximization of production can lead to great difficulties in down streaming and recently more attention is being paid to overall process optimization. E.g. maximization of product flow from downstream process.
Fermentation parameter factors affecting the DSP
The location of the product (intracellular or extracellular) will define the initial separation steps and purification strategy. The stability of the product defines the need & kind of pretreatment for inactivation or stabilization. The product, by-products, impurities & any additions to the broth (antifoam) may form an interfacial layer in extraction steps, give peaks in chromatography, block membranes in ultrafiltration and analytical equipment; also salts & trace elements often have to be removed prior to pharmaceutical use. Nutrient medium residues (pesticides, herbicides, etc.)
Downstream Processing
Recovery & purification of biosynthetic products, (e.g. pharmaceutical, fermentation broth, etc) An essential step in manufacture of pharmaceuticals, industrial enzymes & natural flavor & fragrances compounds
Stages in Downstream Processing
1.
Removal of insolubles
Capture product as a solute in a particulatefree liquid E.g Cells separation, cell debris, particulate matter from fermentation broth Operations involved are filtration, centrifugation, flocculation, electroprecipitation & gravity settling. Grinding, homogenization, or leaching – for recovering solid products
Stages in Downstream Processing
2.