Dr John Andraos Research Paper

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

1

NAMES OF SCIENTISTS ASSOCIATED WITH DISCOVERIES OF
ELEMENTS OF PERIODIC TABLE
© Dr. John Andraos 2002 - 2005
Department of Chemistry, York University
4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA
For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to [e-mail]

http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/

Z, Element

Symbol

Discoverer

Dates

Nationality

Place and Date of
Discovery

1. Hydrogen

H

Cavendish,
Henry

1731 - 1810

British (b. Nice, France)

1766
London, England

2. Helium

He

Janssen, Pierre
Jules Cesar

1824 - 1907

French
(b. Paris, France)

1868

Ramsay,
Sir
William

1852 - 1916

Scottish
(b. Glasgow, Scotland)

1895
London, England

Arfvedson,
Johann August

1792 - 1841

Swedish (b. SkagerholmsBruk, Skaraborgs-Län,
Sweden)

1817/1818
Stockholm, Sweden

3. Lithium

Li

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

2

4. Beryllium

Be

Vauquelin, Louis
Nicolas

1763 - 1829

French (b. Saint-André d 'Héberôt, Calvados,
France)

1797
Paris, France

5. Boron

B

Gay-Lussac,
Joseph Louis

1778 - 1850

French (b. St.
Léonard, Haute
Vienne, France)

1808
Paris, France
London, England

Thénard, Louis
Jacques

1777 - 1857

French (b. Louptière,
France)

Davy, Sir
Humphry

1778 - 1829

British
(b. Penzance, Cornwall,
England)

N/A
1749 - 1819

N/A
Scottish
(b. Edinburgh, Scotland)

pre-history
1772
Edinburgh, Scotland

British
(b. Fieldhead, near Leeds,
England)
Swedish
(b. Stralsund, Pomerania, now in Germany)

1774
Leeds, England

French (b. Paris, France)

1886
Paris, France

6. Carbon
7. Nitrogen

C
N

N/A
Rutherford,
Daniel

8. Oxygen

O

Priestley, Joseph 1733 - 1804

Scheele, Carl
Wilhelm
9. Fluorine

F

1742 - 1786

Moissan, Henri

1852 - 1907

Uppsala, Sweden

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

10. Neon

Ne

3

Ramsay, Sir
William

1852 - 1916

Scottish
(b. Glasgow, Scotland)

Travers, Morris
William

1872 - 1961

1898
London, England

British (b. Kensington,
London, England)

11. Sodium

Na

Davy, Sir
Humphry

1778 - 1829

British
(b. Penzance, Cornwall,
England)

1807
London, England

12. Magnesium

Mg

Black, Joseph

1728 - 1799

13. Aluminum

Al

Öersted, Hans
Christian

1777 - 1851

Scottish
(b. Bordeaux, France)
Danish
(b. RudkØbing, Denmark)

1755
Edinburgh, Scotland
1825
Copenhagen, Denmark

14. Silicon

Si

Berzelius, Jöns
Jakob

1779 - 1848

Swedish (b. Väversunda,
Östergötland, Sweden)

1824
Stockholm, Sweden

15. Phosphorus

P

Brand, Hennig

fl. 1670

German
(b. Hamburg, Germany)

1669
Hamburg, Germany

16. Sulfur
17. Chlorine

S
Cl

N/A
Scheele, Carl
Wilhelm

N/A
1742 - 1786

N/A
Swedish
(b. Stralsund, Pomerania, now in Germany)

pre-history
1774
Uppsala, Sweden

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

18. Argon

Ar

4

Rayleigh, Lord
John William
Strutt, 3rd Baron

1842 - 1919

British (b. near Maldon,
Essex, England)

Ramsay, Sir
William

1852 - 1916

1894
London, England
Bristol, England

Scottish
(b. Glasgow, Scotland)

19. Potassium

K

Davy, Sir
Humphry

1778 - 1829

British
(b. Penzance, Cornwall,
England)

1807
London, England

20. Calcium

Ca

Davy, Sir
Humphry

1778 - 1829

1808
London, England

21. Scandium

Sc

Nilson, Lars
Frederick

1840 - 1899

British
(b. Penzance, Cornwall,
England)
Swedish
(b. Östergötland, Sweden)

22. Titanium

Ti

Gregor, Rev.
William

1761 - 1817

British (b. Trewarthenick,
Cornwall, England)

1791
Creed, Cornwall, England
1795
Berlin, Germany

Klaproth, Martin
Heinrich

1743 - 1817

German (b. Wernigerode,
Germany)

1879
Uppsala, Sweden

23. Vanadium

V

del Rio, Andrés
Manuel

1764 - 1849

Spanish (b. Madrid, Spain)

1801
Mexico City, Mexico

24. Chromium

Cr

Vauquelin, Louis
Nicolas

1763 - 1829

French (b. Saint-André d 'Héberôt, Calvados,
France)

1797
Paris, France

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5

25. Manganese

Mn

Gahn, Johan
Gottlieb

1745 - 1818

Swedish (b. Voxna,
Gävleborg, Sweden)

1774
Stockholm, Sweden

26. Iron

Fe

N/A

N/A

N/A

c. 2500 BC

27. Cobalt

Co

Brandt, Georg

1694 - 1768

28. Nickel

Ni

Cronstedt, Axel
Frederik, Baron

1722 - 1765

Swedish (b. Riddarhytta,
Sweden)
Swedish (b. Södermanland,
Sweden)

1735
Stockholm, Sweden
1751
Stockholm, Sweden

29. Copper

Cu

N/A

N/A

N/A

c. 5000 BC

30. Zinc

Zn

N/A

N/A

N/A

pre 1500; 1374

31. Gallium

Ga

32. Germanium

Ge

de Boisbaudran, 1838 - 1912
Paul Émile Lecoq
Winkler, Clemens 1838 - 1904
Alexander

French (b. Cognac,
Charente, France)
German
(b. Freiberg, Germany)

1875
Paris, France
1886
Freiberg, Germany

33. Arsenic

As

Magnus, Albertus 1193 - 1280
St. (Count von
Bollstädt)

German (b. Lauingen,
Germany)

c. 1250
Germany

34. Selenium

Se

Berzelius, Jöns
Jakob

1779 - 1848

Swedish (b. Väversunda,
Östergötland, Sweden)

1817
Stockholm, Sweden

35. Bromine

Br

Balard, Antoine
Jéróme

1802 - 1876

French (b. Montpellier,
Hêrault, France)

1826
Montpellier, France

German
(b. Kreuznach, Germany)

Heidelberg, Germany

Löwig, Carl

1803 - 1890

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

36. Krypton

Rb

Ramsay, Sir
William

1852 - 1916

Scottish
(b. Glasgow, Scotland)

Travers, Morris
William
37. Rubidium

Kr

6

1872 - 1961

British (b. Kensington,
London, England)

Bunsen, Robert
Wilhelm

1811 - 1899

German
(b. Göttingen, Germany)

1898
London, England

1861
Heidelberg, Germany

Kirchhoff, Gustav 1824 - 1887
Robert
Sr

Hope, Thomas
Charles

1766 - 1844

Scottish
(b. Edinburgh, Scotland)

1792
Strontian, Scotland

Crawford, Adair

38. Strontium

German
(b. Königsberg, Prussia
(now Kaliningrad, Russia)))

1748 - 1795

Scottish
(b. Antrim, Ireland)
Finnish (b. Åbo, Finland)

1808
Edinburgh, Scotland
1794
Åbo, Finland

German (b. Wernigerode,
Germany)

1789
Berlin, Germany

39. Yttrium

Y

Gadolin, Johann

1760 - 1852

40. Zirconium

Zr

Klaproth, Martin
Heinrich

1743 - 1817

41. Niobium

Nb

Hatchett, Charles 1765 - 1847

British (b. London, England) 1801
London, England

42. Molybdenum

Mo

Hjelm, Peter
Jacob

Swedish
(b. Sunnerbo, Sweden)

1746 - 1813

1781
Uppsala, Sweden

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

43. Technetium

46. Palladium

Pd

47. Silver

Ag

1886 - 1948

Italian (b. ?)

1905 - 1989

Italian-American (b. Tivoli, near Rome, Italy)

1937
Palermo, Sicily, Italy

Sniadecki,
Jedrzej Andrzej

1768 - 1838

Polish (b. ?)

1808
Vilno, Poland

1797 - 1866

German (b. Weimar,
Germany)

1828

Claus, Carl Ernst 1796 - 1864
(Klaus, Karl
Karlovich)
Rh

German
(b. Bamberg, Germany)

Osann, Gottfried
Wilhelm

45. Rhodium

1893 - 1960

Segré, Emilio
Gino
Ru

Noddack, Walter

Perrier, Carlo

44. Ruthenium

Tc

7

Estonian (b. Dorpat (Tartu))

1844

Wollaston,
William Hyde
Wollaston,
William Hyde

1766- 1828

British (b. East Dereham,
Norfolk, England)
British (b. East Dereham,
Norfolk, England)

1803
London, England
1803
London, England

N/A

N/A

N/A

c. 3000 BC

1766- 1828

1925
Berlin, Germany

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

48. Cadmium

1776 - 1835

German
(b. Göttingen, Germany)

1778 - 1829

British
(b. Penzance, Cornwall,
England)

1817
London, England

Reich, Ferdinand 1799 - 1882

German (b. Bernburg,
Germany)

1863
Freiberg, Germany

Richter,
Hieronymous
Theodor

In

Stromeyer,
Friedrich
Davy, Sir
Humphry

49. Indium

Cd

8

1817

1824 - 1898

German (b. Dresden,
Germany)

N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A

c. 2100 BC
c. 1600 BC

50. Tin
51. Antimony

Sn
Sb

N/A
N/A

52. Tellurium

Te

Müller, Franz
1740 - 1825
Joseph, Baron von Reichenstein

Austrian (b. Nagyszeben,
Austria, now Rumania)

1782/3
Sibiu, Romania

53. Iodine

I

Courtois, Bernard 1777 - 1838

French (b. Dijon, France)

1811
Paris, France

54. Xenon

Xe

Ramsay, Sir
William

1852 - 1916

Scottish
(b. Glasgow, Scotland)

1898
London, England

Travers, Morris
William

1872 - 1961

British (b. Kensington,
London, England)

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

55. Cesium

Cs

Bunsen, Robert
Wilhelm

1811 - 1899

9

German
(b. Göttingen, Germany)

1860
Heidelberg, Germany

Kirchhoff, Gustav 1824 - 1887
Robert

German
(b. Königsberg, Prussia
(now Kaliningrad, Russia)))
British
(b. Penzance, Cornwall,
England)

1808
London, England
1839
Stockholm, Sweden
1803
Västmanland, Sweden

56. Barium

Ba

Davy, Sir
Humphry

1778 - 1829

57. Lanthanum

La

58. Cerium

Ce

Mosander, Carl
1797 - 1858
Gustav
Berzelius, Jöns
1779 - 1848
Jakob
Hisinger, Wilhelm 1766 - 1852

Swedish (b. Kalmar,
Sweden)
Swedish (b. Väversunda,
Östergötland, Sweden)
Swedish (b.
Skinnskatteberg,
Västmanland, Sweden)

59.
Praseodymium

Pr

Auer, Karl,
Freiherr von
Welsbach

Austrian (b. Vienna, Austria) 1885
Vienna, Austria

1858 - 1929

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

60. Neodymium

Nd

Mosander, Carl

1797 - 1858

10

Swedish (b. Kalmar,
Sweden)

1885
Austrian (b. Vienna, Austria) Vienna, Austria

Auer, Karl,
Freiherr von
Welsbach
Pm

1858 - 1929

Marinsky, Jacob
A.

1918

American (b. Buffalo, New
York, USA)

Glendenin,
Lawrence Elgin

61. Promethium

1841
Stockholm, Sweden

1918 - ?

American (b. Bay City,
Michigan, USA)

1945
Oak Ridge, USA

Coryell, Charles
D.
62. Samarium

63. Europium

Sm

Eu

Delafontaine,
1837 – 1911
Marc
de Boisbaudran, 1838 - 1912
Paul Émile Lecoq

French (b. France)

Demarçay,
Eugène Anatole

French (b. Paris, France)

1852 - 1904

French (b. Cognac,
Charente, France)

1878

1879
Paris, France
1896, 1901
Paris, France

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

64. Gadolinium

Gd

11

de Marignac,
1817 – 1894
Jean Charles
Galissard
de Boisbaudran, 1838 - 1912
Paul Émile Lecoq

Swiss (b. Geneva,
Switzerland)

1886
Geneva, Switzerland

French (b. Cognac,
Charente, France)

1886
Paris, France

Swedish (b. Kalmar,
Sweden)

1843
Stockholm, Sweden
1878

65. Terbium

Tb

Mosander, Carl
Gustav

66. Dysprosium

Dy

Delafontaine,
1837 – 1911
Marc
de Boisbaudran, 1838 - 1912
Paul Émile Lecoq

French (b. France)

Cleve, Per
Teodor

1840 - 1905

Swedish
(b. Stockholm, Sweden)

Delafontaine,
Marc

1837 - 1911

French (b. France)

67. Holmium

Ho

1797 - 1858

French (b. Cognac,
Charente, France)

1886
Paris, France
1878
Uppsala, Sweden
Geneva, Switzerland

Soret, Jaques
Louis
68. Erbium

Er

Mosander, Carl
Gustav

1797 - 1858

Swedish (b. Kalmar,
Sweden)

1842/3
Stockholm, Sweden

69. Thulium

Tm

Cleve, Per
Teodor

1840 - 1905

Swedish
(b. Stockholm, Sweden)

1879
Uppsala, Sweden

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

12

70. Ytterbium

Yb

de Marignac,
Jean Charles
Galissard

1817 - 1894

Swiss (b. Geneva,
Switzerland)

1878
Geneva, Switzerland

71. Lutetium

Lu

Urbain, Georges

1872 - 1938

French (b. Paris, France)

1907
Paris, France
New Hampshire, USA

Urbain, Georges

1872 - 1938

French (b. Paris, France)

1911
Paris, France

Coster, Dirk

1889 - 1950

Dutch
(b. Amsterdam,
Netherlands)

1923
Copenhagen, Denmark

Hungarian-Swedish
(b. Budapest, Hungary)
Swedish
(b. Stockholm, Sweden)

1802
Uppsala, Sweden

James, C.
72. Hafnium

Hf

73. Tantalum

Ta

74. Tungsten

W

Hevesy, György
Karl von
Ekeberg, Anders
Gustaf
D 'Elhuyar, Don
Juan José
D 'Elhuyar, Don
Fausto

1885 - 1966
1767 - 1813

Spanish (b. Logroño, Spain) 1783
Vergara, Spain
1755 - 1833

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

75. Rhenium

Re

13

Noddack, Walter
Karl Friedrich

1893 - 1960

German
(b. Bamberg, Germany)

Noddack, Ida
Eva Tacke

1896 - 1978

German
(b. Lackhausen, Germany)

Berg, Otto

1874 - ?

1925
Berlin, Germany

German (b. ?)

76. Osmium

Os

Tennant,
Smithson

1761 - 1815

British (b. Selby, England)

1803
London, England

77. Iridium

Ir

1761 - 1815

British (b. Selby, England)

78. Platinum

Pt

Tennant,
Smithson
N/A

N/A

N/A

1803
London, England pre 1700

79. Gold

Au

N/A

N/A

N/A

c. 3000 BC

80. Mercury

Hg

N/A

N/A

N/A

c. 1500 BC

81. Thallium

Tl

1832 - 1919

82. Lead

Pb

Crookes, Sir
William
N/A

N/A

British (b. London, England) 1861
London, England
N/A
c. 1000 BC

83. Bismuth

Bi

N/A

N/A

N/A

84. Polonium

Po

Curie, Marie

1867 - 1934

French (b. Warsaw, Poland) 1898
Paris, France

c. 1500

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

85. Astatine

At

14

Corson, Dale
Raymond

1914 -

American (b. Pittsburg,
Kansas, USA)

Mackenzie,
Kenneth Ross

1912 – 2002*

American (b. Portland,
Oregon, USA)

Segrè, Emilio
Gino

1905 - 1989

1940
Berkeley, California, USA

Italian-American (b. Tivoli, near Rome, Italy)

86. Radon

Rn

Dorn, Friedrich
Ernst

1848 - 1916

German
(b. Guttstadt, Germany)

1900
Halle, Germany

87. Francium

Fr

1909 - 1975

French
(b. Villemomble, France)

1939
Paris, France

88. Radium

Ra

Perey,
Marguerite
Catherine
Curie, Marie
(Manya née
Sklodowska)
Curie, Pierre

1867 - 1934

French (b. Warsaw, Poland) 1898
Paris, France

1859 - 1906

French (b. Paris, France)

89. Actinium

Ac

Debierne, André
Louis

1874 - 1949

French (b. Paris, France)

1899
Paris, France

90. Thorium

Th

Berzelius, Jöns
Jakob

1779 - 1848

Swedish (b. Väversunda,
Östergötland, Sweden)

1815, 1828
Stockholm, Sweden

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

91. Protactinium

Pa

Hahn, Otto

1879 - 1968

Meitner, Lise

1878 - 1968

15

German
(b. Frankfurt, Germany)
Austrian-Swedish (b.
Vienna, Austria)

Soddy, Frederick 1877 - 1956

British
(b. Eastbourne, England)

Cranston, John
A.

1917
Berlin, Germany

British (b. England)

1925 - 1980

Fleck, Sir
1889 - 1968
Alexander, Baron

Scottish
(b. Glasgow, Scotland)

Fajans, Kasimir

1887 - 1975

Polish (b. Warsaw, Poland)

Göhring, Otto H.
92. Uranium

U

Klaproth, Martin
Heinrich

1743 - 1817

German (b. Wernigerode,
Germany)

1789
Berlin, Germany

93. Neptunium

Np

McMillan, Edwin
M.

1907 - 1991

American (b. Redondo
Beach, California, USA)

1940
Berkeley, California, USA

Abelson, Philip
Hauge

1913 – 2002*

American (b. Tacoma,
Washington, USA)

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

94. Plutonium

95. Americium

96. Curium

97. Berkelium

Pu

Am

Cm

Bk

16

Seaborg, Glenn
T.
Wahl, Arthur
Charles
Kennedy, J.W.

1912 - 1999

Seaborg, Glenn
T.
James, Ralph
Arthur
Morgan, Leon
Owen
Ghiorso, Albert

1912 - 1999

Seaborg, Glenn
T.
James, R.A.
Ghiorso, Albert

1912 - 1999

American (b. Ishpeming,
Michigan, USA)

1915 -

American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)

Thompson, S.G.
Seaborg, Glenn
T.
Ghiorso, Albert

1912 - 1976
1912 - 1999

1917 -

American (b. Ishpeming,
Michigan, USA)
American (b. Des Moines,
Iowa, USA)

1940
Berkeley, California, USA

?

1920 1919 1915 -

1915 -

American (b. Ishpeming,
1944
Michigan, USA)
Chicago, Illinois, USA
American (b. Salt Lake City,
Utah, USA)
American (b. Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma, USA)
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)

American (b. Ishpeming,
Michigan, USA)
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)

1944
Berkeley, California, USA

1949
Berkeley, California, USA

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

98. Californium

Cf

Thompson, S.G.
Seaborg, Glenn
T.
Ghiorso, Albert

1912 - 1976
1912 - 1999
1915 -

17

American (b. Ishpeming,
Michigan, USA)
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)

1950
Berkeley, California, USA

Street, Jr.,
Kenneth
99. Einsteinium

100. Fermium

Es

Fm

Choppin,
Gregory Robert
Thompson,
Stanley Gerald
Harvey, Bernard
George
Ghiorso, Albert

1927 -

Choppin,
Gregory Robert
Thompson, S.G.
Harvey, B.G.

1927 -

Ghiorso, Albert

1915 -

American (b. Eagle Lake,
Texas, USA)

1952
Berkeley, California, USA

1912 - 1976
1919 - ?
1915 -

1912 - 1976
1919 - ?

British-American (b.
England)
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)
American (b. Eagle Lake,
Texas, USA)
British-American (b.
England)
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)

1952
Berkeley, California, USA

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

101.
Mendelevium

1927 -

1912 - 1976

Seaborg, Glenn
T.
No

Choppin,
Gregory Robert
Thompson, S.G.
Harvey, B.G.
Ghiorso, Albert

102. Nobelium

Md

1912 - 1999

Sikkeland,
Torbjorn
Walton, John
Richard
Ghiorso, Albert
Seaborg, Glenn
T.
103. Lawrencium Lr

18

Larsh, Almon E.
Sikkeland,
Torbjorn
Ghiorso, Albert
Latimer, Robert
M.

1915 -

American (b. Eagle Lake,
Texas, USA)

1955
Berkeley, California, USA

British (b. England)
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)
American (b. Ishpeming,
Michigan, USA)
1958
Berkeley, California, USA

1923 1915 1912 - 1999

American (b. Chicago
Heights, Illinois, USA)
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)
American (b. Ishpeming,
Michigan, USA)
1961
Berkeley, California, USA

1915 -

American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

104.
Rutherfordium

105. Dubnium

Rf

Db

Flerov, G.N.
Zvara, I.I.
Ghiorso, Albert

Russian
Russian
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)

1964
Dubna, Russia
Berkeley, California, USA

Russian
American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)

1967
Dubna, Russia
Berkeley, California, USA

American (b. Vallejo,
California, USA)
German, b. Dachau,
Germany

1974
Berkeley, California, USA
1981
Darmstadt, Germany

1935 -

German, b. Dachau,
Germany

1984
Darmstadt, Germany

1935
-

German, b. Dachau,
Germany

1982
Darmstadt, Germany

1915 -

Flerov, G.N.
Ghiorso, Albert

1915 -

106. Seaborgium Sg

Ghiorso, Albert

1915 -

107. Bohrium

Armbruster,
Peter

1935 -

Bh

19

Münzenberg,
Gottfried
108. Hassium

Hs

Armbruster,
Peter
Münzenberg,
Gottfried

109. Meitnerium

Mt

Armbruster,
Peter
Münzenberg,
Gottfried

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

20

110. Ununnilium
(Darmstadtium)

Uun, Dm

Armbruster,
Peter
Hofmann, S.

1935 -

German, b. Dachau,
Germany

1994
Darmstadt, Germany

111. Unununium
(Roentgenium)

Uuu

Armbruster,
Peter
Hofmann, S.

1935 -

German, b. Dachau,
Germany

1994
Darmstadt, Germany

112. Ununbium

Uub

Armbruster,
Peter
Hofmann, S.

1935 -

German, b. Dachau,
Germany

1996
Darmstadt, Germany

*Personal communication from Dr. Joel S. Leventhal, Emeritus Scientist, U.S. Geological Survey, November 28, 2005.
DISCOVERERS OF ELEMENTS IN PERIODIC
TABLE
University Scientists
Berlin
Meitner, Lise
Berlin
Noddack, Walter Karl Friedrich
Berlin/
Löwig, Carl Jacob
Heidelberg
Cal Tech
Coryell, Charles Dubois
Cambridge Cavendish, Henry
Cambridge
Cambridge
Cambridge
Cambridge
Colegio de
San Isidro
Copenhagen
Dorpat

Degree
1922
1921
1830?

Elements Discovered
Pa
Re
Br
Pm
H

Gregor, Rev. William
Rayleigh, Lord John William Strutt
Tennant, Smithson
Wollaston, William Hyde del Rio, Andrés Manuel

1935
1753
(no deg.)
1780 's
1865
1796 (MD)
1787 (MD)
1781

Öersted, Hans Christian
Claus, Carl Ernst

1799
1839

Al
Ru

Ti
Ar
Os, Ir
Rh, Pd
V

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

(Tartu)
Ecole
Polytech.
Ecole
Polytech.
Ecole
Polytech.
Ecole
Polytech.
Ecole
Polytech.
Ecole
Polytech./
Mines
Edinburgh
Edinburgh
Edinburgh
England
England
Freiberg
Freiberg
Freiberg
Freiberg
Freiburg
Geneva

(Klaus, Karl Karlovich)
Balard, Antoine Jéróme

1826(pharm) Br

Courtois, Bernard

1801

I

Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis

1800

B

Demarçay, Eugène Anatole

1880 (hon.)

Eu

Thénard, Louis Jacques

1790 's
(no deg.)
1830 's

B

Mg
O
N
B, Na, K, Ca, Cd, Ba
Nb
W
W
In
Ge
Hf
Ho

Germany
Germany
Glasgow
Glasgow
Glasgow
Goettingen

Brand, Hennig
Klaproth, Martin Heinrich
Cranston, John Arnold
Crawford, Adair
Fleck, Sir Alexander
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm

1754
1767
1772 (MD) no deg. no deg.
1770s
1770s
1850s
1860 's
1908
1850s
(no deg.) no deg. no deg.
1921
1780 (MD)
1916
1833

de Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard
Black, Joseph
Priestley, Joseph
Rutherford, Daniel
Davy, Sir Humphry
Hatchett, Charles
D 'Elhuyar, Don Fausto
D 'Elhuyar, Don Juan José
Richter, Hieronymous Theodor
Winkler, Clemens Alexander
Hevesy, György Karl von
Soret, Jaques Louis

Gd, Yb

P
U, Ti, Zr
Pa
Sr
Pa
Rb, Cs

21

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

Goettingen
Heidelberg
Heidelberg
Koenigsberg
Koenigsberg
Leiden
Marburg
MIT
MIT
Oxford
Oxford
Padua
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Pavia
Princeton
Purdue
Rheims
Rome
Roy.Coll.
Chem.
Sorbonne
Sorbonne
Sorbonne
Stockholm

Reich, Ferdinand
Auer, Karl, Freiherr von Welsbach
Fajans, Kasimir
Dorn, Friedrich Ernst
Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert
Coster, Dirk
Hahn, Otto
Glendenin, Lawrence Elgin
Marinsky, Jacob A.
Harvey, Bernard George
Soddy, Frederick
Magnus, Albertus St. de Boisbaudran, Paul Émile Lecoq
Moissan, Ferdinand Frederic Henri
Perey, Marguerite Catherine
Urbain, Georges
Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas
Sniadecki, Jedrzej Andrzej
McMillan, Edwin Mattison
Walton, John Richard
Brandt, Georg
Segré, Emilio Gino
Crookes, Sir William

1819+
1882
1909
1871
1847
1922
1901
1949
1949
1958
1898 (BSc)
1220s
no deg.
1880
1929 (Dipl.)
1899
1780 's
1793 (MD)
1932
1957
1726 (MD)
1928
1854

Curie, Marie (Manya née Sklodowska) 1902
Curie, Pierre
1895
Debierne, André Louis
Arfvedson, Johann August
1800s
(no deg.)
Stockholm
Hisinger, Wilhelm, Baron von no deg.
Texas
Choppin, Gregory Robert
1953
Transylvania Müller, Franz Joseph von Reichenstein no deg.

In
Pr, Nd
Pa
Rn
Rb, Cs
Hf
Pa
Pm
Pm
Es, Fm, Md
Pa
As
Ga, Sm, Dy
F
Fr
Lu
Be, Cr
Ru
Np
No
Co
Tc, At
Th
Po, Ra
Ra
Ac
Li
Ce
Es, Fm, Md
Te

22

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

TU Berlin
TU Munich

Noddack, Ida Eva Tacke
Armbruster, Peter

1920
1961

Tuebingen
Ramsay, Sir William
UC Berkeley Corson, Dale Raymond
UC Berkeley Ghiorso, Albert

1873
1938
1937(BSc)

UC Berkeley
UC Berkeley
UC Berkeley
UC Berkeley
UC Berkeley

James, Ralph Arthur
Kennedy, Joseph William
Mackenzie, Kenneth Ross
Morgan, Leon Owen
Seaborg, Glenn T.

1948
1939
1940
1947
1937

UC Berkeley
UC Berkeley
UC Berkeley
UC Berkeley
UC London
Uppsala
Uppsala
Uppsala/
Mines
Uppsala
Uppsala
Uppsala
Uppsala
Uppsala
Uppsala
Uppsala

Street, Jr., Kenneth
Thompson, Stanley Gerald
Wahl, Arthur Charles
Abelson, Philip Hauge
Travers, Morris William
Berzelius, Jöns Jakob
Cleve, Per Theodor
Cronstedt, Axel Frederik, Baron

1949
1948
1942
1939
1893 (BSc)
1802 (MD)
1863
1748(no
Ph.D.)
1788
1780 's
1770
1770 's
1825 (MD)
1866
1770s

Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf
Gadolin, Johann
Gahn, Johan Gottlieb
Hjelm, Peter Jacob
Mosander, Carl Gustav
Nilson, Lars Frederick
Scheele, Carl Wilhelm
Berg, Otto
Delafontaine, Marc
Flerov, G.N.

Re
Bh, Hs, Mt, Uun, Uuu,
Uub
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe
At
Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm,
Md, No, Lr, Sg
Cm
Pu
At
Am
Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Md, No,
Pu
Cf
Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md
Pu
Np
Xe, Ne, Kr
Si, Se, Ce, Th
Ho, Tm
Ni
Ta
Y
Mn
Mo
La, Er, Tb
Sc
O, Cl
Re
Ho
Db, Rf

23

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

Göhring, Otto H.
Hofmann, S.
James, C.
Larsh, Almon E.
Latimer, Robert M.
Münzenberg, Gottfried
Perrier, Carlo
Sikkeland, Torbjorn
Zvara, I.I.

24

Pa
Dm, Z = 111, 112
Lu
Lr
Lr
Bh, Hs, Mt
Tc
No, Lr
Rf

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
H

He

Li

Be

B

C

N

O

F

Ne

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Ar

K

Ca

Sc

Ti

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

Rb

Sr

Y

Zr

Nb

Mo

Tc

Ru

Rh

Pd

Ag

Cd

In

Sn

Sb

Te

I

Xe

Cs

Ba

La

Hf

Ta

W

Re

Os

Ir

Pt

Au

Hg

Tl

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

Fr

Ra

Ac

Rf

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Uun

Uuu

Uub

Ce

Pr

Nd

Pm

Sm

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Lu

Dr.
John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

Th

Pa

U

Np

Pu

Am

Cm

Bk

Cf

Es

Fm

25

Md

No

Lr

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS (BY COUNTRY OF DISCOVERY)

C
S
Fe

Cu

Zn

Ag
Pt

Au

Sn
Hg

Sb

Pb

Bi

References:
Emsley, John, The Elements, 3rd. ed., Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1998.
Bohlke, J.K.; De Bievre, P.; Hidika, H.; Pieser, H.S.; Rosman, K.J.R.; Taylor, P.D.P. Pure Appl. Chem. 2003, 75, 683 – 800, “Atomic weights of the elements: review 2000”.

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

Magnusson, Magnus (ed.), Cambridge Biographical Dictionary, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1990.

TIMELINE OF DISCOVERY OF ELEMENTS OF PERIODIC TABLE (ARRANGED BY YEAR OF DISCOVERY)
Year
Discovered
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
-5000
-3000
-3000
-2500
-2100
-1600
-1000
-1000
1250
1374
1500
1669
1700
1735
1751
1755
1766
1772
1774
1774
1774

Element Name
Carbon
Sulfur
Copper
Silver
Gold
Iron
Tin
Antimony
Mercury
Lead
Arsenic
Zinc
Bismuth
Phosphorus
Platinum
Cobald
Nickel
Magnesium
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Chlorine
Manganese

Element
Symbol
C
S
Cu
Ag
Au
Fe
Sn
Sb
Hg
Pb
As
Zn
Bi
P
Pt
Co
Ni
Mg
H
N
O
Cl
Mn

Atomic
Number, Z
6
16
29
47
79
26
50
51
80
82
33
30
83
15
78
27
28
12
1
7
8
17
25

Discoverers
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
ANTIQUITY
MAGNUS
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
BRAND
ANTIQUITY
BRANDT
CRONSTEDT
BLACK
CAVENDISH
RUTHERFORD, D.
SCHEELE
SCHEELE
GAHN

26

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

1780
1781
1783
1789
1789
1792
1793
1794
1797
1798
1801
1801
1802
1803
1803
1803

Chromium
Molybdenum
Tungsten
Zirconium
Uranium
Titanium
Strontium
Yttrium
Berylium
Tellurium
Vanadium
Niobium
Tantalum
Rhodium
Palladium
Cerium

Cr
Mo
W
Zr
U
Ti
Sr
Y
Be
Te
V
Nb
Ta
Rh
Pd
Ce

24
42
74
40
92
22
38
39
4
52
23
41
73
45
46
58

1803
1803
1807
1807
1808

Osmium
Iridium
Sodium
Potassium
Boron

Os
Ir
Na
K
B

76
77
11
19
5

1808
1808

Calcium
Ruthenium

Ca
Ru

20
44

1808
1811
1815
1817
1817
1817

Barium
Iodine
Thorium
Lithium
Selenium
Cadmium

Ba
I
Th
Li
Se
Cd

56
53
90
3
34
48

KLAPROTH; VAUQUELIN
HJELM
D 'ELHUYAR
KLAPROTH
KLAPROTH
KLAPROTH
KLAPROTH
GADOLIN
KLAPROTH; VAUQUELIN
KLAPROTH
DEL RIO
HATCHETT
EKEBERG
WOLLASTON
WOLLASTON
KLAPROTH; BERZELIUS;
HISINGER
TENNANT
TENNANT
DAVY
DAVY
THENARD; GAYLUSSAC
DAVY
SNIADECKI, OSANN,
CLAUS (KLAUS)
DAVY
COURTOIS
BERZELIUS
ARFVEDSON
BERZELIUS
STROMEYER; DAVY

27

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

1824
1825
1826
1839
1842
1843
1860
1861
1861
1863
1875
1878
1878
1879
1879
1879
1880
1885
1885
1886
1886
1886
1894
1895
1898
1898
1898
1898
1898
1899
1900
1901

Silicon
Aluminum
Bromine
Lanthanum
Erbium
Terbium
Cesium
Rubidium
Thalium
Indium
Gallium
Holmium
Ytterbium
Scandium
Samarium
Thulium
Gadolinium
Praesodymium
Neodymium
Fluorine
Germanium
Dysprosium
Argon
Helium
Neon
Krypton
Xenon
Polonium
Radium
Actinium
Radon
Europium

Si
Al
Br
La
Er
Tb
Cs
Rb
Tl
In
Ga
Ho
Yb
Sc
Sm
Tm
Gd
Pr
Nd
F
Ge
Dy
Ar
He
Ne
Kr
Xe
Po
Ra
Ac
Rn
Eu

14
13
35
57
68
65
55
37
81
49
31
67
70
21
62
69
64
59
60
9
32
66
18
2
10
36
54
84
88
89
86
63

BERZELIUS
OERSTED
LOWIG; BALARD
MOSANDER
MOSANDER
MOSANDER
BUNSEN; KIRCHHOFF
BUNSEN; KIRCHHOFF
CROOKES
REICH; RICHTER
BOISBAUDRAN
CLEVE
MARIGNAC
NILSON
BOISBAUDRAN
CLEVE
MARIGNAC
VON AUER
VON AUER
MOISSAN
WINKLER
BOISBAUDRAN
RAMSAY; TRAVERS
RAMSAY; TRAVERS
RAMSAY; TRAVERS
RAMSAY; TRAVERS
RAMSAY; TRAVERS
CURIE, M.; CURIE, P.
CURIE, M.; CURIE, P.
DEBIERNE
DORN
DEMARCAY

28

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

1907
1917

Lutetium
Protactinium

Lu
Pa

71
91

1923
1925

Hafnium
Rhenium

Hf
Re

72
75

1939
1940

Francium
Astatine

Fr
At

87
85

1940

Neptunium

Np

93

1940
1943
1944
1944
1945
1949
1950
1952
1952
1955

Plutonium
Technetium
Americium
Curium
Promethium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendeleevium

Pu
Tc
Am
Cm
Pm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md

94
43
95
96
61
97
98
99
100
101

1958
1961
1964
1967
1974
1981
1982

Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Meitnerium

No
Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Mt

102
103
104
105
106
107
109

1984
1994

Hassium
Darmstadtium

Hs
Dm

108
110

URBAIN
SODDY; MEITNER;
FAJAN
COSTER
NODDACK, W.;
NODDACK, I.
PEREY
SEGRE; CORSON;
MACKENZIE; SEGRE
ABELSON; MCMILLAN;
SEABORG
SEABORG
SEGRE
SEABORG
SEABORG
CORYELL; MARINSKY
SEABORG; THOMPSON
SEABORG; THOMPSON
CHOPPIN; THOMPSON
CHOPPIN; THOMPSON
CHOPPIN; SEABORG;
THOMPSON
SEABORG
LAWRENCE
VARIOUS RUSSIANS
VARIOUS RUSSIANS
GHIORSO
GHIORSO
ARMBRUSTER;
MUENZENBERG
GHIORSO
ARMBRUSTER;

29

Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Elements-Discoverers.pdf

30

HOFMAN

TIMELINE OF DISCOVERY OF ELEMENTS OF PERIODIC
TABLE

4

3

2

1

YEAR

1984

1974

1961

1952

1945

1940

1923

1901

1898

1886

1879

1863

1843

1826

1817

1808

1802

1797

1792

1781

1772

1751

1669

0
1250

NUMBER OF ELEMENTS DISCOVERED

5