• Definition: Look at surroundings for traffic signs, light changes, environmental factors, pedestrians, cyclists, etc. Check both sides and behind you for potential risk.
• Physical Factors: o Must have good vision to see objects clearly. Impaired vision puts the driver at risk of blindly hitting something. o Must have the ability to use your neck to check sides and back of car. o Hearing aids in noticing dangers. o Must not be fatigued in order to stay alert of surroundings.
• Psychological Issues: o Must keep a calm-leveled and courteous attitude to prevent unnecessary risks. o Anger, frustration, sadness, stress, and over-excitement can prevent a driver from taking their driving and/or their driving environment seriously which can lead them to ignore potential dangers.
Identify
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Definition: Recognize potential danger and things that can interfere with your driving.
• Physical Factors: o Illness, impaired vision, and fatigue prevents a driver from recognizing signs and dangers clearly.
• Psychological Issues: o Drivers must be able to think clearly to recall the meaning behind signs and recognize risks. Extreme emotions can get in the way of
this.
Predict
• Definition: Anticipate all possibilities of what might happen if you have identified a potential hazard.
• Physical Factors: o Impaired physical factors such as impaired vision and hearing, illness, and fatigue can distract a driver from assessing the situation fully and looking for all his/her options.
• Psychological Issues: o Drivers must be able to calmly think about all their options. Anger, frustration, stress, and over-excitement prevents them from considering safer options.
Decide
• Definition: Look at all possibilities to solve the predicted problem. Develop good judgment to choose the best one.
• Physical Factors: o Impaired vision and hearing can prevent a driver from taking in new information about his/her surrounding as the situation plays out. Being able to continually check up on the surroundings is crucial in finding new factors to make the safest decision.
• Psychological Issues: o Extreme emotions can hinder a driver from making rational, safe decisions. Anger or stress can lead to unnecessary risk taking.
Execute
• Definition: Appropriately maneuver the vehicle according to your decision.
• Physical Factors: o Must have good hand-eye coordination and motor functions. Without good movement, you cannot move the car as you like. o Must have good vision in order to continually assess the situation since it is susceptible to change. o Must be fully alert of environment in order to safely maneuver vehicle. Fatigue can cause you to lose control of the vehicle in dire times.
• Psychological Issues: o Frustration or over-excitement can lead to over rotating the wheel or lead to extreme handling of the car. It is important to keep a calm mind while executing and not panic as to stop preventable damage.