Both Lee and Marshall spent a great amount of time with the Ju/’hoansi, learning their unique culture and way of life. In Marshall’s ethnographic film, “The Hunters”, and chapter four of Lee’s ethnography, The Dobe Ju/’hoansi, each anthropologist discusses, in two different forms, the Ju/’hoansi’s subsistence techniques. Lee and Marshall agree in some areas, but not all.…
Connected within this repressive system, Hogan’s work critically explores the destruction and exploitation of the environment. Broad in scope when confronting the topic, she gives the reader a strong sense of the issues faced in regard to the natural world. Providing clarity to Hogan’s worldview, she juxtaposes that which troubles her against what she views as the correct way to be in the world. She is sharply critical of Western values for covering “the American continent with a view of the natural world that did not accept the Earth was alive and that all species were sentient.” Within the dominant view, the destruction of life is inherent.…
In White Lies about the Inuit, John Steckley attempts to dismantle many popular “lies” about the Inuit by examining their sources in both academia and in pop culture (Steckley, 2008). Why is he qualified to write this book? Steckley, who holds a PhD in education from the University of Toronto, is also the last known speaker of the Huron language (Goddard, 2010). He is clearly an eminent scholar who has spent his life studying indigenous people and their cultures in order to preserve them for the future.…
Jimmy Carter’s clever use of personal anecdote begins his argument of why the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge should be kept preserved. In the the article it says, “More than a decade ago, [my wife] Rosalynn and I had the fortunate opportunity to camp and hike in these regions of the Arctic Refuge. During bright July days, we walked along ancient caribou trails and studied the brilliant mosaic of wildflowers…” This short anecdote gives the audience a moving feeling. Carter makes us feel as if we are there with them, walking the trails and feeling the environment. He gives us an impression that we want/need to keep the environment preserved. He emphasized how beautiful the landscape is to give an impression of guilt if the landscape were to…
To contrast the major arguments of The Land of Open Graves and Mohawk Interruptus, is to contrast the different experiences of two major marginalized groups within the wealthy and powerful nations of Canada and the United States. These two ethnographies highlight the discrepancy between the views of marginalization and the actual methods deployed to marginalize; however, what De León and Simpson hope to bring to attention are the forms with which each respective group resists said marginalization. Here is where the commonality is found between the two authors’ main arguments. Audra Simpson on one hand writes the entirety of Mohawk Interruptus as an ethnography of refusal. By doing so, she highlights the will of the Mohawk to resist encroachments…
The set starts out with every member of the band coming out on stage one at a time. Some of the instruments I recognized and was familiar with, such as the saxophone, clarinet, bass, and drums. They introduced a variety of instruments that looked either homemade or sounded strange to me, like the electric banjo, drumitar, and synthesizers. There was a bit of scat vocals done by Victor Wooten as well. One thing I noticed in this song was the repetition. I think the bass line was constant throughout the entire four minute long song. The set looked very non-Western to me, especially the rugs that were laid down in the middle of the stage. Almost the entire song had a mixed meter and…
“Native Americans are generally acknowledged as the New World's first and fore most environmentalist Native American religion stress that people are coequal with nature, descendants of "Grand mother earth." How then, could some of them have depleted wildlife for the fur trade? “ Asks Jeanne Kaye. Most Native American tribes have long had an intimate relationship with their surroundings. Before direct contact with Europeans, most tribes lived in small villages.…
This story, in reflecting the values of the Indigenous populations within Canada as connected to access to the land, can be linked to a variety of movements within the local political landscape of Canada such as, the idle no more movement and the recent opposition to the Northern Gateway pipeline development. All of which are concerned with the issue of Indigenous land…
In the essay about the Algonquians and Iroquoians included in Chapter 1, it is shown how these tribes used to hunt and eat and which places they visit to find their food, along with the search for places they will inhabit. Also, the essay talks about how they took advantage of the natural resources and how they used to perform in their daily life. This performance is divided on the book by seasons and it describes the variety of activities they had on each one of them. At the same time, it specifies the place or region where they used to do certain activities. It is in this section of chapter 1 where we can find the first signs of contrast between the film portrait of Native Americans and this book’s portrait.…
Cultural practices that show respect for caribou in the α-state are interventions to re-organize culture in times of stress. Teaching wise hunting practices reinforces ways to show respect for caribou. Ritual and ceremony evidences the spiritual connection between harvesters and caribou. This connection involves inkonze. An adept may use divination rites to modify cultural practice. Divination influences where, when and how to hunt caribou. Drum songs connect…
Neil Whitehead, in The Snake Warriors, analysed Carib warfare, using historical texts to understand the changes in Carib war culture and society between 1500-1820. He described Carib military tactics prior to European contact and discussed the social and ideological context in which they were deployed. He also analyzed the effect European contact had on the war culture and ideology in Carib society, and how this change also contributed to the historical census of the Mesoamerican group.…
Throughout history, mankind attempted to explore and discover everything in this world. The Europeans, for example, attempted to discover further than Europe. From Western Europe, the French reached Canada, and since then, many changes were occurred to Canada’s natives. Since the first encounter between the French settlers and Indigenous people, numerous drastic and irreversible changes to the land and society occurred. These changes include the creation of a complex and interdependent relationship between both groups. For example, the French were introduced to a completely different environment, where the natives had to face and adjust to an entirely different race in their land. The aboriginals were fascinated by the French’s unique merchandize…
In a revealing footnote, Bernard Saladin d’Anglure also points to the complexities of illu when he notes that joking, song and sparring partners, particularly those participated in the winter ceremonies, were also illu. The ethnographies are unclear as to whether this is because cross-cousins are chosen to fulfil these roles or whether because the people who fulfil these roles become classified as illu. For reasons that will become apparent later, I am inclined towards the second view. These features are also apparent in Bodenhorn’s discussions of Inupiat kinship relations. She particularly focuses on the formation of whaling crews and the distribution of the products of the hunt which she argues are the concrete basis upon which Inupiat social relations are formed. For Bodenhorn, kinship relations provide an open field of potential relations, which only become concretised when they are activated through co-production and commensality. Those people within the field of potential relations gradually disappear from significance if they are not activated, while those people with whom one has active co-production relations actually become included as kin. This argument is very similar to that advanced by Turner and Wertman for the Shamattawa Cree. Mark Nuttall’s careful study of kinship in Arctic Homeland adds another dimension to the analysis. He carefully places social relations within the relations of people to land through his concept of…
ne of the common features found in the literature about Native American folklores is that it exhibits a big and rapid influence by the dominant culture which results in the discontinuity between old and new, mostly the latter selected over the former. This book’s chapters except for the prologue and epilogue each chapter is consisted of three voices: folktale narrative, historical, and modern personal feelings. The author seems to model via this format how in Kiowa people’s conscience the time and space work and how they view the discord between the enriched past and nihilistic present for them, as seen in the different tones. This book explains how the mixing of culture during their history has molded Kiowa’s contrasting views towards the…
Thesis: Modern Native American traditions reflect the history of struggle, strife and triumph they experienced in history.…