The author
The author
The muslims inherited much from Greece, Rome, and India. Muslims tolerated other cultures and because of that were so advanced in scholarship, the medical field, and many others areas at the highest level at that period of time. The muslims achievements will always have a lasting impact on our world.…
Akyol, throughout the book, often recognizes similarities and differences between Islam and Christianity; as well as, he notes the different environmental factors between the Middle East and the West and how they play a role in the political development of each religion. For example, Akyol explains the medieval christians’ fascination in Islamic liberalism and freedom, which Christianity, at the time, was considered a much more conservative ideology (78-79). Akyol uses these contrasting ideas to show the nature of religion and how it affects the development of a state in an academic and economic sense. As well as, he describes these differences in order to clear the misconceptions held by the West that Islam is a widely conservative ideology when in reality, it’s post-Qur’anic traditions that impose the conservative ideas seen in modern day Islamic states, in addition to giving a historical context that not necessarily long ago Christianity was considered the ultra-conservative doctrine.…
Osman Bey: The founder of the dynasty that continued in unbroken succession until the dissolution of the empire. He was chief of a band of semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia.…
The following terms, people, and events are important to your understanding of the chapter. Take notes over the concepts listed below answering the following questions for each concept: Who? (when needed) Where?, What?, Why?, How?, and historical significance. Definitions are not sufficient. Definitions alone will earn a daily grade no higher than 50%.…
Innovations such as defense wall and architecture is one of the Byzantine legacy. Their religions: Orthodox Christians and Roman Catholic were deprived during the Byzantine time, which continue to spread until the present day. The culture, they kept Greek’s literature from dying out and made copies of them. Since the city of Constantinople developed as one of the largest city in Europe, so therefore, some of the Byzantine’s legacies has contributed to the development of Europe.…
The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid ErasA. 3rd Abbasid caliph = al-Mahdia. Courtly excesses > financial drain I. taste for luxury/monumental buildingsii. surrounded self with wives, concubines, courtiersb. Political divisionsI. continued Shi’a revolts and assassinationsc. Problem of successionI. Son/successor poisoned1. Harun al-Rashid (786-809)a. most famousb. enduringB. Imperial Extravagance and Succession Disputes a. Extravagance amazed visitorsI. Charlemagne impressed by mosques, palaces, treasuresii. The Thousand and One Nightsb. Luxury and palace intrigue/manipulationsI. Throne at 23 – growing power of royal advisorsii. signaled shift in power – court advisors now more importantc. Now also power struggles between court factionsI. Death of Harun al-Rashid led to civil warii. winning son had huge army1. started precedent of having “bodyguards”2. mercenary forces could reach 70,000d. Power shift now to militaryI. Between military and court, assassinations quite commonC. Imperial Breakdown and Agrarian Disordera.Caliphs try to move capitals away from Baghdad – kind of like VersaillesI. Very expensiveii. Cost of new palaces/capitals plus mercenary force = high taxesiii. Peasant revolts caused fromiv. taxation1. pillaging2. Shi’a “encouragement”3. The Declining Position of Women in the Family and Societya. Remember Islamic world initially quite open to egalitarian treatment of womenb. Harem – women kept in seclusionI. creation…
After reviewing these documents, it is clear that the Islamic civilization was able to besiege such an extensive empire by spreading the Islamic belief throughout various methods. Throughout these documents, Islam is shown to spread quickly because of the Muslim’s respect toward other people’s religion. Furthermore, Muslims also used war and battle to grow the Islamic empire and reach other lands. Finally, the Islamic civilization practiced a moral principle – equality – to encompass an extensive empire of the Islamic belief.…
John N. Oswalt has spent much time specifically researching and studying the Ancient Near East. His work in this field began after he was first introduced to it in the 1960’s while taking a course called, “The Literature of the Ancient Near East”. After his time at Asbury Theological Seminary, Oswalt began further study in the Mediterranean Studies Department of Brandeis University. While there, he further developed his knowledge and understanding of the Ancient Near East and later, further developed said knowledge by means of thinking them through with his own students. John Oswalt has now, per this book, taught at Asbury Theological Seminary, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and Wesley Biblical Seminary.…
The Muslims and Islam, to build their own culture, used other countries as examples such as Rome, India, and Greece, as well as the countries that they conquered. They used these examples and the different teachings of these countries to advance them to the highest level that they had ever been. The documents show different views and help explain what the achievements are, how they came to be, and also their lasting impact on the rest of the world. The first set of documents talk about what the achievements are and the way that they helped to better the Muslims in Islam. The second group of documents give evidence and explain how the Muslims accomplished these achievements and what they improved on from other countries to make theirs the best…
The purpose of this essay is to discuss the Islamization of Persia in relation to the Samanid and Buyid Dynasties. The synthesis of Persian culture and Islam was not an immediate result of the Arab expansion into Iran and there is certainly a lack of research on the subject. However, in this essay, I will attempt to explain the contributions of the Samanid and Buyid dynasties to this synthesis with a focus on the attempts of the Samanid Dynasty at centralization and a unified identity through religion, language and culture.…
Chapter 7(The Middle East) key concepts_ * The wolrd of Islam represents peoples of different ethnicities, cultures, and languages throughout the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe who were unified through the religion of Islam while still maintaining regional diversity. * The Islamic world made tremendous contributions to art, science, and technology that would have a huge impact on cultural and economic developments in Asia, Africa, and Europe. *The Mongols had a significant impact on the spread of Islam and preserved and built upon Islamic intellectual discoveries. * The Mongols affected the Middle East in both positive and negative ways in terms of social, political, and economic stability.…
The inscription of Suleyman reveals that the Ottoman Empire was a Muslim community. However, not only did this inscription inform readers that religion was existent within this empire during this period of time, but it also reveals a clear distinction of social status amongst this community. It is evident that Suleyman was a rather significant figure within society due to the fact that he is described within the inscription as the 'head of Muhammad's community.' (Stearns, Peter N., Stephen S. Gosch, and Erwin P. Grieshaber., 2003, pp.60) The source provides an outlook on the society at this period in time.…
Islam was not a religion until around a century and a half after Rome fell, but it spread rapidly into post Rome territories. Jim Jones discusses how“muslim forces had quick and extensive military success... in 638, Jerusalem fell. In 639, the Byzantine fortress of Babylon (Cairo) fell, and in 640, Alexandria fell under Muslim control. By 720, the Umayyads controlled everything south of Pyrenees”(Jones). These events were only two decades after Muhammad started getting messages from deities showing how fast Islam expanded. As Islam expanded, so did its influence. Tom Holland writes “...in the Fertile Crescent as in Britain, what emerged from the empire's collapse, forged over many centuries, were new identities, new values, new presumptions”(Holland). Islam brought all of these to the Middle East and its surrounding areas. It quickly became one of the largest religions in this time period and was a challenge to Christianity. This lead to the crusades, a series of attempts by Christians to reclaim the city of Jerusalem, which is sacred to them as well as Muslims and Jews. The Crusades drove a wedge between Christianity and Islam that can still be seen today. Susanna Throop argues “it goes without saying that the crusades also had a highly negative effect on interfaith relations”(Throop). Although the crusades hurt relations between these two religions, there was a silver lining. Karen Armstrong also says “...they taught them to take baths and to accord greater rights to women. The Arabs also taught the Crusaders how to process sugar from the cane, and provided European merchants with a vast array of luxury goods to ship home: silk, linen, flax, samite (a heavy silk fabric), balm and the dye Tyrian purple”(Armstrong). Islam grew rapidly and expanded into old Roman territory with little opposition in most areas,…
In this paper, we will learn the most important Islamic achivements and how the Muslims were able to make contributions that impacted the world. They have many achievements and also accomplishments that have contributed to the world. The Muslims adapted in different areas from Greece, India, and Rome. They also gained much from the people that they conquered. Muslim achievements stand out and have a long lasting impact on the world and were able to advance scholarships in many different areas to the highest level at that time. Muslims of the Islamic Empire both preserved existing knowledge and extended it. Their achievements have helped many cultures create new ideas and many great advancements.…
Granada is a mixed community, where Leo and his family were simply to be thrown out, along with all the Jews, during the purges where the Spanish had taken over. In Granada, prior to its fall, the author presents the split that still seems to bother the modern Muslim world: it is between those who would seek to adapt to and learn from the modern world and learn a new religion while preserving their faith and those for whom any compromise to change their religion and their life and the tracking down of belief is life and death.…