3. a. When an American art professor spends the summer touring museums in Europe, he spends money buying foreign goods and services, so U.S. exports are unchanged, imports increase, and net exports decrease. b. When students in Paris flock to see the latest movie from Hollywood, foreigners are buying a U.S. good, so U.S. exports rise, imports are unchanged, and net exports increase. c. When your uncle buys a new Volvo, an American is buying a foreign good, so U.S. exports are unchanged, imports rise, and net exports decline. d. When the student bookstore at Oxford University sells a pair of Levi's 501 jeans, foreigners are buying U.S. goods, so U.S. exports increase, imports are unchanged, and net exports increase. e. When a Canadian citizen shops in northern Vermont to avoid Canadian sales taxes, a foreigner is buying U.S. goods, so U.S. exports increase, imports are unchanged, and net exports increase. 5. a. When an American cellular phone company establishes an office in the Czech Republic, U.S. net capital outflow increases, because the U.S. company makes a direct investment in capital in the foreign country. b. When Harrod's of London sells stock to the General Electric pension fund, U.S. net capital outflow increases, because the U.S. company makes a portfolio investment in the foreign country. c. When Honda expands its factory in Marysville, Ohio, U.S. net capital outflow declines, because the foreign company makes a direct investment in capital in the United States. d. When a Fidelity mutual fund sells its Volkswagen stock to a French investor, U.S. net capital outflow declines (if the French investor pays in U.S. dollars), because the U.S. company is reducing its portfolio investment in a foreign country.
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8. a. Dutch pension funds holding U.S. government bonds would be happy if the U.S. dollar appreciated. They would then get more Dutch guilders for each dollar they earned on their U.S.