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Naked Economics by Charles Wheelan gives the reader a basic understanding of the different aspects and workings of economics. Economics deals with incentives, which are reasons people may want to do something whether the end result be positive or negative. Another of the author’s points is that some governments are sometimes inefficient systems that pass regulations which limit consumers, however they are necessary. Lastly Wheelan states that everything one does, costs in some way.…
The news and media always portrayed each criminal as a heartless thug and insinuated that there was a whole generation of killers behind him. President Clinton said that something had to be done about the juvenile problem or America would be plunged into chaos. In the first chapter his main message is about incentives. Incentives are the basic building blocks of economics: per economists, nearly every decision can be explained through incentives.…
2. Chapter two. Explain why incentives matter. What you think about the author’s ideas on black…
-Adverse selection relates to efficient outcomes in the market economy because undesired results occur when buyers and sellers have access to different information because the “bad” products are more likely to be selected. “Perverse incentives” relates to the market economy because it is an incentive that has an unintended and undesirable result which is contrary to the interests of the incentive makers. The principal-agent relates to the market economy because the problem has to do with the struggle of leading one party (the agent) into acting in the best interests of another (the principal) rather than in his or her own interests. Lastly, the prisoner’s dilemma relates to the market economy and its efficient outcomes because it shows why two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so, and it is applicable in numerous situations, one being the way renewable resources are exploited.…
It is very easy, now a days with the media, to glamorize crimes and certain cases that have created a spectacle. Many of these famous criminal cases always question the motive of the crime. With this question, come many answers, some leading to theories as to why this particular person would commit the crime they did. Theories try to give an explanation to a cause and link and explain cause and effect. In Criminology, choice theories attempt to explain the reasons a person decided to engage in certain behaviors that caused they to break the law. Some of these theories, such as the rationale theory and sociological theories have a great impact on society as well have affected the criminal justice system.…
Clarke believes that situational crime prevention is an approach that focuses on reducing the opportunities for crime to occur rather than improving society’s institutions. This is largely based on the rational choice theory, which demonstrates how criminals decide if they are going to carry out a crime based on its costs and benefits. Thus, situational crime prevention aims to reduce the benefits of crime and increase its’ costs. However, despite attempting to reduce crime, Felson provides an example of SCP, which demonstrates how it only ‘displaces’ crime. For example, the New York City bus terminal was poorly designed and found that reshaping its’ environment largely reduced luggage theft and drug dealing. However, rather than reducing the crime, sociologists argue that ‘reshaping the environment’ only displaces this crime through ‘spatial’ forms by moving it into other locations to be carried out. Thus, the rate of crime stays the same.…
2. Write a hypothesis to research a serial murderer using the following social science theories: Psychoanalysis, Functionalism, and Feminism. For example, a Marxist could look at the economic inequalities as a means of promoting a feeling of helplessness. This helpless feeling could promote feelings of anger against anyone who possesses any means of production, and has control of his/her life. Lashing out against a community that is capable of supporting itself is a means of gaining power. Miller's job is in the service industry and does not involve the direct production of goods. Not controlling the means of production forces him to sell his skill.…
It will never be acceptable to kill innocent people, yet it happens all too often. In the American television series Dexter, the main character of the same name lives to satisfy his father 's "code" by killing terrible criminals who deserve death for continuing to get away with murder. Dexter executes the guilty with precision and with assurance that they deserve it. Throughout the episodes, this piece of literature argues that only those truly guilty of malicious crimes towards society deserve a just death (Dexter). Our country claims that capital punishment is justifiable because they claim to only kill those truly guilty of crimes. Nothing is more extreme than taking a life, so it is important…
Choice theories are based on a perspective on crime causation that holds that criminality is the result of…
Jacoby, Jeff. "When Murder is Punished with Death, Fewer Criminals Will Murder." Boston Globe, 26 Aug 2016, pp. K.5. SIRS Issues Researcher, http://sks.sirs.com.…
Marsh, I., Melville G., Norris G., Morgan K., Walkington, Z. (2006). Theories of Crime. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd. P125.…
The gains associated with capital punishment are the affect it can have on effectively deterring criminals from not only murderer, but any serious crime (Cameron 1989). It is used as an intimidation factor for which people weigh the cost and benefits of their actions, and in a case where the cost is their life, the probability of them committing a crime will decrease (Shepherd 2004). The significant relationship it shares with the homicide rate has been found that 150 fewer homicides take place in reaction to one execution happening to a convicted murderer (Cooter and Ulen 2012). Looking at this relationship directly from an economic perspective, capital punishment can be seen as a commodity; an increase in it leads to an increase in consumer welfare as it decreases the chance of another victim being murdered (Cameron 1993). The effect that deterrence has on society is seen as a public good as well because of the positive, widespread affect it has on a larger number of consumers by increases their safety and security. By increasing the amount of resources the government puts towards conviction and punishment for criminal activities, it will allow for a reduction in harm (Cooter and Ulen 2012) and allow the demand for protection and a safer environment to be met. Capital punishment is the strongest alternative of punishment to create the largest deterrent…
When describing something that influences your gender, most people would assume that your “sex” or our biological identification given to us at birth would be the most definite source; however there are multiple factors and processes that contribute to one’s gender identity. The multitudes of institutions that assist in the socialization of an individual vary from person to person, but are all beneficial in creating a sense of gender. According to Michael Messner, there are two types of institutions, the gendered and the gendering. The gendered institution is described by Messner as “an institution constructed by gender relations. As such, its structures and values (rules, formal organizations, sex composition, etc.) reflect dominant conceptions of masculinity and femininity” (p. 133). The gendering institution can be described by Messner as an institution that constructs the current gender order and genders people’s bodies and minds, it creates the masculine and feminine identities. These institutions are both detrimental to the construction of gender and personal identity; for me the involvement in CYO sports at a young age and the household in which I grew up (all girls) allowed me the freedom to develop an identity of my own outside the traditional masculine/feminine identity.…
There are two sides to crime and deviance that help with the functioning of society. Firstly the positive side, this helped society change and remain dynamic. Durkheim believed a certain amount of crime was necessary for any society, (shared norms and values were important). This includes guiding our actions. There are three elements of the positive aspects, including reaffirming the boundaries; this re-affirms social norms and values, for example, people are taken into prison and sent to court for things that are considered breaking the law, in some cultures and religions this is taken to extremes with the use of capital punishment, to use them as an example to other…
"Recent research on the relationship between capital punishment and homicide has created a consensus among most economists who have studied the issue that capital punishment deters murder. Early studies from the 1970s and 1980s reached conflicting results. However, recent studies have exploited better data and more sophisticated statistical techniques. The modern refereed studies have consistently shown that capital punishment has a strong deterrent effect, with each execution deterring between 3 and 18 murders...…