Economics Definitions
Macroeconomic Definitions
Absolute advantage | Absolute advantage occurs when a country or region can create more of a product with the same factor inputs | Accelerator effect | Planned capital investment by private sector businesses is linked to the growth of demand for goods and services. When consumer or export demand is rising strongly, businesses may increase investment to expand their production capacity and meet the extra demand. This process is known as the accelerator effect. But the accelerator effect can work in the other direction! A slowdown in consumer demand can create excess capacity and may lead to a fall in planned investment demand. | Aggregate demand curve | The aggregate-demand curve shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level. | Aggregate supply | Aggregate supply (AS) measures the volume of goods and services produced within the economy at a given price level. In simple terms, aggregate supply represents the ability of an economy to produce goods and services either in the short-term or in the long-term. It tells us the quantity of real GDP that will be supplied at various price levels. The nature of this relationship will differ between the long run and the short run | Animal spirits | Animal spirits refers to the expectations of businesses, entrepreneurs and consumers. When business confidence is high, we expect to see a rise in planned capital investment at each rate of interest. If there is a downturn in business confidence, for example during a recession, then planned investment may fall and some capital investment projects may be scrapped even when interest rates are fairly low. | Anticipated inflation | Anticipated inflation is expectations about future price rises which households & firms use when planning economic decisions | Automatic stabilisers | Automatic fiscal changes are changes in tax revenues and government spending arising
Absolute advantage | Absolute advantage occurs when a country or region can create more of a product with the same factor inputs | Accelerator effect | Planned capital investment by private sector businesses is linked to the growth of demand for goods and services. When consumer or export demand is rising strongly, businesses may increase investment to expand their production capacity and meet the extra demand. This process is known as the accelerator effect. But the accelerator effect can work in the other direction! A slowdown in consumer demand can create excess capacity and may lead to a fall in planned investment demand. | Aggregate demand curve | The aggregate-demand curve shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level. | Aggregate supply | Aggregate supply (AS) measures the volume of goods and services produced within the economy at a given price level. In simple terms, aggregate supply represents the ability of an economy to produce goods and services either in the short-term or in the long-term. It tells us the quantity of real GDP that will be supplied at various price levels. The nature of this relationship will differ between the long run and the short run | Animal spirits | Animal spirits refers to the expectations of businesses, entrepreneurs and consumers. When business confidence is high, we expect to see a rise in planned capital investment at each rate of interest. If there is a downturn in business confidence, for example during a recession, then planned investment may fall and some capital investment projects may be scrapped even when interest rates are fairly low. | Anticipated inflation | Anticipated inflation is expectations about future price rises which households & firms use when planning economic decisions | Automatic stabilisers | Automatic fiscal changes are changes in tax revenues and government spending arising