Education and Economic Growth Relationship
EDUCATION
QUALITY
AND
ECONOMIC
GROWTH
Education Quality and
Economic Growth
Education Quality and
Economic Growth
Eric A. Hanushek
Ludger Wößmann
THE WORLD BANK
Washington, DC
© 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000
Internet: www.worldbank.org
E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 5 10 09 08 07
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of
The World Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright
Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The
World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.
Cover photos
QUALITY
AND
ECONOMIC
GROWTH
Education Quality and
Economic Growth
Education Quality and
Economic Growth
Eric A. Hanushek
Ludger Wößmann
THE WORLD BANK
Washington, DC
© 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: 202-473-1000
Internet: www.worldbank.org
E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org
All rights reserved
1 2 3 4 5 10 09 08 07
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of
The World Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright
Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The
World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.
Cover photos
References: Aghion, Philippe, and Peter Howitt. 1998. Barro, Robert J. 2001. “Human Capital and Growth.” American Economic Review 91 (2): Bedi, Arjun S., and Ashish Garg. 2000. “The Effectiveness of Private versus Public Schools: Benhabib, Jess, and Mark M. Spiegel. 2005. Betts, Julian R., and Tom Loveless, eds. 2005. Bils, Mark, and Peter J. Klenow. 2000. “Does Schooling Cause Growth?” American Economic Review 90 (5): 1160–83. Bishop, John H. 1997. “The Effect of National Standards and Curriculum-Based Examinations on Achievement.” American Economic Bosworth, Barry P., and Susan M. Collins. 2003. Bradley, Steve, and Jim Taylor. 2002. “The Effect of the Quasi-Market on the EfficiencyEquity Trade-Off in the Secondary School Card, David. 1999. “Causal Effect of Education on Earnings.” In Orley Ashenfelter and David Carnoy, Martin, and Susanna Loeb. 2002. Cox, Donald, and Emmanuel Jimenez. 1991. De Gregorio, José, and Jong–Wha Lee. 2002. Easterly, William. 2002. The Elusive Quest for Growth: An Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics Figlio, David N., and Cecilia Elena Rouse. 2006.