The critics, and most casual readers, have neglected to remember that nothing is a given in Robinson's work. The exegetical evidence in this case rests largely upon Robinson's subtle handling of verb tenses, sentence structure, and punctuation. Beebe implies that the first line of the poem, "The miller's wife had waited long," is in past perfect, a tense that implies action previous to the simple past, and a rather more complicated, problematical placement in time than simple past alone suggests. This enclosing effect continues after the semicolon, which itself heralds dependency, and is indeed followed by a convoluted conditional clause that comprises the last six lines of the eight-line stanza. "The colon after said' implies an appositive clause equal in value to what went before, here the thoughts of the miller's wife as she waited by the dead fire." "'There are no millers anymore,' / Was all that she had heard him say" closes the parenthesis of past perfect tense that the first line opens, containing within it the miller's actual words, which Beebe and the reader can take to be the
The critics, and most casual readers, have neglected to remember that nothing is a given in Robinson's work. The exegetical evidence in this case rests largely upon Robinson's subtle handling of verb tenses, sentence structure, and punctuation. Beebe implies that the first line of the poem, "The miller's wife had waited long," is in past perfect, a tense that implies action previous to the simple past, and a rather more complicated, problematical placement in time than simple past alone suggests. This enclosing effect continues after the semicolon, which itself heralds dependency, and is indeed followed by a convoluted conditional clause that comprises the last six lines of the eight-line stanza. "The colon after said' implies an appositive clause equal in value to what went before, here the thoughts of the miller's wife as she waited by the dead fire." "'There are no millers anymore,' / Was all that she had heard him say" closes the parenthesis of past perfect tense that the first line opens, containing within it the miller's actual words, which Beebe and the reader can take to be the