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Effects of Nitrogen and Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Potato

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Effects of Nitrogen and Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Potato
ABSTRACT

An experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 1998-99 growing season to study the effect of nitrogen and plant spacing on the growth and yield of potato (var. Diamant). Different nitrogen levels viz. 0, 127.0, 190.5 and 254.0 kg N/ha significantly influenced plant height, foliage coverage, number of main stem per hill, days required for 80% maturity of the crop, fresh weight of haulm (g/hill), number of tubers per hill, weight of tubers per hill, total yield of tubers per hectare and yield of seed and non-seed tubers per hectare. Application of 254.0 kg N/ha gave the highest yield of tubers (24.33 t/ha) and seed tubers (19.14 t/ha). Significant variation was observed due to the effect of the three plant spacings viz. 60 x 15, 60 x 20 and 60 x 25 cm2 in respect of the above-mentioned parameters except days required for 80% maturity of the crop and yield of non-seed tubers per hectare. The highest yield of tubers (19.19 t/ha) and seed tubers (15.63 t/ha) was obtained at the closest spacing (60 cm x 15 cm). The combined effect of different levels of nitrogen and plant spacing revealed that 254.0 kg N/ha applied at the closest spacing gave the highest yield of tubers (27.26 t/ha) and seed tubers (21.68 t/ha).

Key Words: Potato, Diamant, Nitrogen, Spacing, Growth, Yield

INTRODUCTION

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important non-cereal food crops and regarded as a staple food in many countries of the world (Ahmad, 1977). It is one of the most important vegetable crops in Bangladesh contributing alone as much as 54% of the total annual vegetable production of this country (BBS, 1997). But the average yield of potato is 11.26 t/ha in Bangladesh which is quite low in comparison to that of the leading potato growing countries of the world such as the Netherlands (43.68 t/ha), USA (38.89 t/ha) and even much lower than the average yield of potato (16.13 t/ha) in the globe


References: Ahmad, K.U. 1977. Potato for the Tropics. Mrs. Mumtaj Kamal, Bunglow No. 2, Farm Gate, Dacca-15. pp. 71-72. Anand, S. and K.S. Krishnappa. 1989. Dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake by potato cv. Kufri Badshah as affected by different levels of N and K in sandy loam soil. Mysore J. Agril. Sci., 23(1): 65-70. BBS. 1997. Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Govt. of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. pp 106-107. Bhowmik, N.N. and A. Dandapat. 1991. Response of potato varieties to nitrogen application. Environ. Ecol., 9(4): 891-893. Chaurasia, S.N.S. and K.P. Singh. 1995. Role of nitrogen levels and haulm cuttings on economic yield of red and white potatoes. J. Indian Potato Assoc., 22(3): 177-178. FAO. 1997. Production Yearbook. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome. pp. 121-123. Grewal, J.S., R.C. Sharma and S.S. Saini. 1992. Agrotechniques for Intensive Potato Cultivation in India. Publications and Information Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhauan, New Delhi. 126 p. Hussain, M.M. 1998. Report on Seed Potato Production Technology by ACF borrowers, Agrobased Industries and Technology Development Project, Banani, Dhaka. 60 p. Kamal, A.M.A. and I.H. Khan. 1973. Effect of variety and spacing on the yield of potato tubers. Bangladesh Hort., 1(2): 52-56. Kushwah, V.S. 1989. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and planting density on production of seed potato. Indian J. Agril. Sci., 59(9): 561-565. Mandale, N.N. and P.N. Arora. 1978. Effect of nitrogen, spacing and planting materials on the yield of potato. Veg. Sci., 5(2): 72-77. Mohammad, N., S. Khan, M. Ibrahim and Khalil-Rahman. 1993. Effect of nitrogen and spacing on the growth and yield of potato. Sarhad J. Agric., 9(4): 305-308. Mollerhagen, P.J. 1993. The influence of nitrogen fertilizer application on tuber yield and quality in three varieties grown at different locations in Norway. Land Burks Forsking, 7: 279-296 [Cited from Potato Abst., 21(2): 508, 1996]. Rajadurai, S. 1994. Effect of seed tuber size and planting space on growth, yield and tuber size distribution of potato in irrigated re-yellow latosols of the dry zone. J. Nat. Sci. Coun., Sri Lanka, 22(2): 115-123. Sahota, T.S. and M. Singh. 1986. Time and method of application of N fertilizers for potato production in the alluvial soils of Punjab. J. Res., Punjab Agric. Univ., 23(1): 8-15. Siddique, M.A., M.G. Rabbani and M.I. Azad. 1987. Effects of seed size, number of eyes in a seed piece and plant spacing on the yield of potato. Bangladesh J. Agric., 12(2): 73-81. Sultana, N. and M.A. Siddique. 1991. Effects of cut seed piece and plant spacing on the yield and profitability of potato. Bangladesh Hort., 19(1): 37-43. UNDP. 1988. Land Resource Appraisal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development. Report 2: Agroecological Regions of Bangladesh, FAO, Rome. pp. 212 and 577.
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