Preview

Effects of Urban Crime on the Urban Environment

Best Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3783 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Effects of Urban Crime on the Urban Environment
EFFECTS OF URBAN CRIME ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Technical Paper by: Ms. Adit Padhi (aditipadhi@gmail.com)

“Greater concern about terrorism places new opportunities before the design community. If protection is considered from the outset, design can make buildings and people safer.”1 Introduction Violent crime was the issue of the nineties, while terrorism has become the talk at the onset of 21st century. Understanding crime prevention design is therefore an invaluable tool in organization and maintenance of order in our societies. Planner and sociologist Duncan describes “ a social problem as a recurrent condition that has been defined by influential groups as a deviation from social standards.”2 When a social deviance exceeds group definition it becomes a crime. Urban environment and urban crime Robert Gold in his article “ Urban violence and contemporary defensive spaces” indicates that CRIME was always widespread during periods of the past. He argues that violent crime has been increasing at an alarming pace, in large metropolitan areas. “Urban environment and violent behavior
3

Design and form of the urban environment may directly control violence. The residential areas, for example, may be selected by a criterion of distance from populations with real or assumed tendencies to commit violence, or individual buildings or entire communities can be “fortified” by crime-control features with social aesthetic values subordinated or entirely eliminated. Design and form of the urban environment may invite violence. Historical background of Urban Crime Preventive Design Historical responses to crime in the cities of the past are varied, and can be described from the middle-ages to the present as “a sequence of changing defensive parameters.”4. The early Chinese had municipal administrations, the Hebrews had policing and Medieval Europe, had its walled cities. As the cities grew larger, a demand for new forms of protection increased. The city of PARIS and its



Bibliography: 1. Oscar Newman, Community Of Interest, New York, ( p. 1980), 3. Robert a. Dentler. P. 1977. Urban problems perspectives and solutions. Chapter 1 The Nature Of Urban Community. 4. Crime free housing by Poyner, Barry and Webb Barry, p. 1985 5. Can sound urban planning help reduce urban crime and violence? By Mitchell J. Rycus , professor of urban planning at the university of Michigan, USA Publications at Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning www.tcaup.umich.edu/publications/pubs.html (29th jan 2002 @ 1:30 am) 6. Crime prevention through environmental design by robert a. Gardner, cp www.vcnet.com/expert/library/cpted.html (29 jan 2002 @ 1:30 am) th 7. The history of Utopia : the chronology of nowhere, book :Utopias- j.c.davis 8. Vol. 12 Crimes Of Violence, Task Force On Individual Acts Of Violence,(Report To National Commision On Causes And Prevention Of Violence ,P. 1969 Washington Government Printing Office – Chapter 16, Urban Violence And The Design And Form Of The Urban Environment By Robert Gold Reprinted In (P. 1970 ) Cities Fit To Live In. Chp 1: Urban Violence And Contemporary Defencive Cities. By Robert Gold 9. Safe Cities: Guidelines For Planning Design, And Management By Gerda R. Wekerle And Carolyn Whitzman P. 1995 (International Thompson Publishing Inc.) 10. Crime Prevention Throgh Environmental Design- Application Of Architectural Design And Space Management, By Timothy Crowe P. 2000 By National Crime Prevention Institute. 11. Article: Design With Fear, Progressive Architecture 1985 By Thomas Vonier Aia 12. Article: Terrorism And Architecture, Journal Of The Indian Institute Of Architects Oct 2001 By Ashok Iyer

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Task #1 : Analyse the impacts of at least two urban dynamics operating in a large city of the developed world.…

    • 925 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    One criticism of situation crime prevention measures is that they do not reduce crime, they simply displace it. For example, Chaiken et al found that a crackdown on subway robberies in New York merely displaced them to the streets above. Although displacement can be in…

    • 839 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Individuals lead to crime for slightly different reasons which relate to their unique genetic character, their corresponding mental ability, their socialization and life circumstances; it is the interplay of these and other variables, any one of which may be more determinative in a particular case that causes a particular individual to resort to crime. Consequently, crime, like poverty, doesn't lend itself very well to comprehensive solutions, unless these solutions simultaneously address all the dominant factors underlying its causation in the majority of cases. The “Urban Society-Gesellshaft Thesis” goes on to say that important normative constraint which served to deter criminal behavior in the past tend to be absent in modern urban societies. The dramatic increase in crime in the 19th and 20th centuries has been attributed to the absence of a sense of community in urban societies.…

    • 262 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Scott Carlson in this article “America’s Health Threat: Poor Urban Design” published in the Chronicle of Higher Education Website (January 22, 2012), talks about the link between poor urban area design and public health threat. It takes into account the economic and political effects for the poor design, then, suggests a restructuring of urban areas to include assessable facilities and walking paths to promote good…

    • 511 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    United States Census Bureau. (July 8, 2010). State & County QuickFacts. Retrieved on, from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/26/2622000.html…

    • 2484 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    With reference to examples, evaluate the success or otherwise, of urban regeneration schemes in combating the causes and consequences of urban decline. (40 marks)…

    • 1717 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Broken Window Theory

    • 589 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The “Broken Window Theory” is a theory explaining crime and their causes within cities or neighborhoods. The authors of this essay, Wilson and Kelling portray the description of how a broken window to a building can give off a message to the public that the building is not cared for properly. It explains that by allowing this one broken window there will be many more broken windows that will follow. When the vandalism is not fixed, society sees this as no one cares about the problem or the neighborhood. Both authors argued, “That disorder leads to greater disorder and attracts and promotes more serious forms of deviance” (Inderbitzin, Bates, & Gainey, p. 195). This is what led to the policy implication that police should attack crime and…

    • 589 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Penal Reform Paper

    • 1952 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Sandy Camel Consulting understands the need for investigating relationships between violent crime rates and the possible underlying causes. As a policy maker who wishes to promote rehabilitation (for nonviolent offenders) while effectively reducing the number of prisons and penitentiaries , it is essential to understand what possible factors influence violent crimes. Before you take steps to reduce prison funding and attempt to eliminate higher security facilities, it is absolutely necessary to ensure that the population within the surrounding city is not at risk for high violent crime rates. Before we…

    • 1952 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    A Civil Injustice

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The situation that is being focused on in this paper is the fighting street crime, specifically a street gang that has been operating in Redondo Beach, California. While trying to fight this negative force in the community, the criminal justice had to come up with innovative ideas, they realize that focusing on a specific trouble area is one that is not new to most law enforcement officers. It is believed that the “shifting the focus of policing from responding to incidents to proactive crime prevention has important strategic implications, many of which involve structural changes.” (Terry 308)…

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Although unintentionally hinder or enable, the environments designers create still can impact crime rate. An excellent architect needs to master environmental criminology and design knowledge well so that he or she can balance crime and design challenges well. Using the environment to reduce crime is called Situational Crime Prevention, one of a significant subfield of environmental criminology. The content of Situational Crime Prevention mainly includes five aspects: improve the difficulty of crime, improve the danger of crime, lessen the criminal anticipation avails, eliminate the irritation of crime, and eliminate the pretext of crime. Situational Crime Prevention not only prevents potential crime events, but also helps existing crime challenges from becoming more seriously.…

    • 302 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Uniform Crime Reports

    • 908 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Citations: Kanigher, S. (2011). Report: property crime down; violence on the rise. Las Vegas Sun, Retrieved from http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2011/may/25/report-property-crime-down-violence-rise/…

    • 908 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Crime and Family

    • 1037 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Crime refers to the human tendencies that a specific government has ruled out as unacceptable, and punishable by law. This may not entirely satisfy the definition, but to say there is a universally accepted definition of crime would be lying. The socially unacceptable tendencies we may want to refer to as evil or criminal, are morally acceptable in other societies; therefore, the legal obligations of the individuals, set by the inherent government, define what is taken as law. Breaking the law is what is deemed an offence. The perpetrators of such activities are said to have committed a crime in this sense (Rob Watts 13-18).…

    • 1037 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Rapid urbanisation has caused a variety of problems, including transport congestion, lack of sufficient homes and living conditions, sanitary and health care issues, and crime. For all these problems, city planners have attempted potential solutions, each with varying degrees of success. Cities including London, Manila and Mumbai have several of the aforementioned problems, and have each tried their own potential solutions. This essay will discuss how successful these schemes have been in resolving these issues.…

    • 828 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    What actually defines a violent crime? According to the Uniform Crime Report Program’s definition, violent crimes engage force or threaten force. This consists of four separate offenses: murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. These four offenses are labeled as the worst crimes. In order to control these most deviant crimes, we must determine what the source of the problems is. In many studying it has been found that environment determines peoples actions. Environment refers to many things such as geographical, physical, and even sociological. Are these violent crime committed more frequently in certain areas or is suspicion and law enforcement just more prevalent in these areas? We will be determining violent crimes vs environment.…

    • 638 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Crime has been an issue that has plagued societies since the very first were introduced and came to effect. During the years different policies and different considerations have been developed to understand, fight or reduce criminality. This essay will attempt to identify whether environmental considerations to design out criminality actually assist in reducing criminal activity or simply end up being a short-term solution to a bigger problem that never goes away. The model of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) will be examined and its practical application in neighbourhoods through target hardening of buildings and neighbourhoods. Other prominent environmental crime prevention theories, such as Broken Windows theory (Wilson & Kelling, 1985) are discussed and its implications on social control and neighbourhood pride is another part of this model that will be visited and whether further application would result in better outcomes.…

    • 2170 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays