eggshell
Phosphoproteins of the chicken eggshell calcified layer
The chicken eggshell matrix is a complex mixture of proteins and proteoglycans. It also contains phosphoproteins that are thought to affect mineralization of the matrix. Several of the matrix phosphoproteins, such as the major component osteopontin, have already been identified as phosphoproteins in other tissues, but the phosphorylation status of the eggshell matrix forms was unknown. The phosphopeptides, obtained after cleavage of the matrix proteins with several different cleavage methods, were enriched by anion-exchange chromatography and reversible binding to titanium oxide and identified by LC-MSn or pseudo-MSn analysis following neutral loss scanning. Altogether we identified 39 phosphorylated matrix proteins, 22 of which were not known to be phosphorylated before. Eight of the proteins were identified as eggshell matrix components for the first time. Together these proteins contained more than 150 different phosphorylation sites, 103 of which were determined with high confidence. Among the major phosphorylated proteins of the chicken eggshell matrix were osteopontin and the eggshell-specific proteins ovocleidin-17, ovocleidin-116, and ovocalyxin-32.
Running Head: Eggshells used in chalk production
Eggshell as an alternative source in chalk production
Ryan Jason U. Joquico
Lourdes School of Mandaluyong
II-Blessed Andrew Hyacinth Longhin
September 5, 2011
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study The Research is about the effectiveness of eggshells as an alternative ingredient in chalk production. The study is very efficient in these days because many people are in need of chalk. The components of chalk are so complex that it had the capacity to make other things beside chalk itself. The chalk is a white porous sedimentary rock, a form of sedimentary rock composed of mineral calcite. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of
The chicken eggshell matrix is a complex mixture of proteins and proteoglycans. It also contains phosphoproteins that are thought to affect mineralization of the matrix. Several of the matrix phosphoproteins, such as the major component osteopontin, have already been identified as phosphoproteins in other tissues, but the phosphorylation status of the eggshell matrix forms was unknown. The phosphopeptides, obtained after cleavage of the matrix proteins with several different cleavage methods, were enriched by anion-exchange chromatography and reversible binding to titanium oxide and identified by LC-MSn or pseudo-MSn analysis following neutral loss scanning. Altogether we identified 39 phosphorylated matrix proteins, 22 of which were not known to be phosphorylated before. Eight of the proteins were identified as eggshell matrix components for the first time. Together these proteins contained more than 150 different phosphorylation sites, 103 of which were determined with high confidence. Among the major phosphorylated proteins of the chicken eggshell matrix were osteopontin and the eggshell-specific proteins ovocleidin-17, ovocleidin-116, and ovocalyxin-32.
Running Head: Eggshells used in chalk production
Eggshell as an alternative source in chalk production
Ryan Jason U. Joquico
Lourdes School of Mandaluyong
II-Blessed Andrew Hyacinth Longhin
September 5, 2011
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study The Research is about the effectiveness of eggshells as an alternative ingredient in chalk production. The study is very efficient in these days because many people are in need of chalk. The components of chalk are so complex that it had the capacity to make other things beside chalk itself. The chalk is a white porous sedimentary rock, a form of sedimentary rock composed of mineral calcite. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of
Bibliography: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pmic.200600635/abstract http://nalualtitelpascal08.blogspot.com/2008/04/eggshell-as-chalk.html http://www.studymode.com/essays/Eggshells-Use-As-Chalks-1792967.html http://region3.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=147:the-feasibility-of-powdered-chicken-gallus-domesticus-eggshells-as-an-alternative-component-of-novelty-products-&catid=15:chemistry&Itemid=45