ELECTRONICS 1A PHS 206

ELECTRONICS 1A (PHS 206)
COURSE CONTENT:
1.ELECTRONS IN MATTER
2.ELECTRON EMISSION

INTRODUCTION
The Word Electronics derived its name from

electrons in all materials.
It is a branch of Science, Technology and
Engineering that deals with current conduction through vacuum, gas, solidsmatter in general.
It deals with electronic device and their utilization. INTRODUCTION contd
Electronic device is that in which current

flows through a matter.
Such devices have valuable properties which enables them to function and behave as the friend of man today. Eg your cell phones, laptops, etc.

MATTER
Matter is anything that has mass and

occupies space.
It exists in three (3) states:
1. gas
2. liquid
3. solid

GAS
Gases: A gas is a compressible fluid. Not only will

a gas conform to the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the container.
In a gas, the molecules have enough kinetic energy so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small (or zero for an ideal gas).
gases are well separated with no regular arrangement. They vibrate and move freely at high speeds.
 A gas has no definite shape or volume, but occupies the entire container in which it is confined. LIQUID
Liquids: liquid are close together with no

regular arrangement.
liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other in haphazardly manner.
.

SOLIDS
Solids : In a solid the particles (ions, atoms

or molecules) are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern called crystal lattice.
 The forces between particles are strong so that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape, and a definite volume. Solids can only change their shape by force, when bonds keeping them in place are broken.

SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Forms of matter
Matter is found in the form of either

elements or compounds.
An element is a substance which cannot be broken down any further by chemical methods into simpler