Electronics Microprocessor
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................... iii Introductory note for teachers........................................... vii Teacher’s note on evaluation ............................................... x Unit One: Equality in Indian Democracy .......................... 2 Chapter 1: On Equality .................................................... 4 Unit Two: State Government ......................................... 16 Chapter 2: Role of the Government in Health ................. 18 Chapter 3: How the State Government Works ................ 30 Unit Three: Gender ...................................................... 42 Chapter 4: Growing up as Boys and Girls ...................... 44 Chapter 5: Women Change the World ............................ 54 Unit Four: Media and Advertising .................................. 68 Chapter 6: Understanding Media ................................... 70 Chapter 7: Understanding Advertising ........................... 80 Unit Five: Markets ....................................................... 92 Chapter 8: Markets Around Us ...................................... 94 Chapter 9: A Shirt in the Market .................................. 104 Equality in Indian Democracy (continued) Chapter 10: Struggles for Equality ............................... 114 References ................................................................... 122
1
UNIT ONE
2
Equality in Indian Democracy
Teacher’s note
This Unit introduces the learner to the critical role of equality in democracy, with specific reference to India. The Constitution of India guarantees equality to all citizens. Despite this, the daily lives of people in India are far from equal. Earlier discussions on equality in Civics textbooks most often reiterated certain provisions of the Constitution without adequately considering the reality of these in people’s lives. This Unit adopts a different approach. It discusses the
Foreword ........................................................................... iii Introductory note for teachers........................................... vii Teacher’s note on evaluation ............................................... x Unit One: Equality in Indian Democracy .......................... 2 Chapter 1: On Equality .................................................... 4 Unit Two: State Government ......................................... 16 Chapter 2: Role of the Government in Health ................. 18 Chapter 3: How the State Government Works ................ 30 Unit Three: Gender ...................................................... 42 Chapter 4: Growing up as Boys and Girls ...................... 44 Chapter 5: Women Change the World ............................ 54 Unit Four: Media and Advertising .................................. 68 Chapter 6: Understanding Media ................................... 70 Chapter 7: Understanding Advertising ........................... 80 Unit Five: Markets ....................................................... 92 Chapter 8: Markets Around Us ...................................... 94 Chapter 9: A Shirt in the Market .................................. 104 Equality in Indian Democracy (continued) Chapter 10: Struggles for Equality ............................... 114 References ................................................................... 122
1
UNIT ONE
2
Equality in Indian Democracy
Teacher’s note
This Unit introduces the learner to the critical role of equality in democracy, with specific reference to India. The Constitution of India guarantees equality to all citizens. Despite this, the daily lives of people in India are far from equal. Earlier discussions on equality in Civics textbooks most often reiterated certain provisions of the Constitution without adequately considering the reality of these in people’s lives. This Unit adopts a different approach. It discusses the
References: Dreze, Jean and Aparajita Goyal. 2003. ‘Future of Mid-day Meals’. In Economic and Political Weekly. Hossein, Sakhwat Rokeya. 1905. (reprint) 1988. Sultana’s Dream . Feminist Press, New York. Kumar. Krishna. 1986. “Growing Up Male” in Seminar 318. Mazumdar, Indrani. 2007. Women and Globalization: The Impact on Women Workers in the Formal and Informal Sectors in India. Stree, Kolkata. Mead, Margaret. 1928, 1973. (edition) Growing Up In Samoa. American Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C. Parks, Rosa. 2000. Quiet Strength. Grand Rapids, Zondervan, Michigan. Rashsundari Devi. 1999. Words to Win. Translated and with an introduction by Tanika Sarkar. Zubaan, New Delhi. Roy, Tirthankar. 1999. ‘Growth and Recession in Small-Scale Industry: A Study of Tamil Nadu Powerlooms’ Economic and Political Weekly. Valmiki, Omprakash. 2003. Joothan: A Dalit’s Life. SAMYA, Kolkata. Zubaan. 1996. Poster Women: A Visual History of the Women’s Movement in India. Zubaan, New Delhi. 122 Social and Political Life ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ ✂ www.cehat.org/rthc/policybrieffinal.pdf www.infochangeindia.org