Electrophilic Reactions
ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION
PURPOSE
The purpose of this lab is to learn how to synthesize 2-methyl-2-butene into 2-bromo-2-methylbutane using addition of hydrogen bromide.
THEORY
Chemical Compound Molecular Formula Molecular Weight Boiling Point Melting Point Density
Amylene CH3CH=C(CH3)2 70.13 g/mol 36 oC -134 oC 0.662 g/ml
Hydrobromic Acid HBr 80.91 g/mol 126 oC -11 oC 1.490 g/ml
2-Bromo-2-MethylButane C5H11Br 151.05 g/mol 107 oC 1.18 g/ml
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 84.007 g/mol Decomposes at melting point unknown 2.159 g/ml
Diethyl ether C2H5OC2H5 74.12 g/mol 34.6 °C −116.3 °C 0.7134 g/ml
In this lab we use electrophilic addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene to make 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. Electrophilic addition …show more content…
Then we attach the apparatus and reflux the solution for 30 minutes by heating the solution until it boils, after this we allow the solution to cool down and then poured it into a125ml separatory funnel to drain and discard the lower spent acid layer. We washed the organic layer with a combination of 20ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 20ml of ether. Then we drained the lower aqueous layer and we kept the organic layer. We added 4 to 5 pellets of calcium chloride to the organic layer and allowed the solution to dry for 10 minutes. After this we placed the dry ether solution in a 50ml flask and fractionally distilling the solution until the head temperature reaches 90 degrees C. Then we removed the fractionating column and continued the distillation using a short path column. After this we weighted the product and found the IR.
OBSERVATIONS
As the solution boiled in the first step it kept changing color getting darker from clear to yellow to orange. During the boiling I can see the two layers forming separating into organic and aqueous with a line in between, as the solution boiled more and more the organic phase kept growing little by little. In the final filtration, after 20ml of collected organic phase we did a short path column to collect the amount of the liquid wanted but this step took a lot of time since the increased temperature was needed, but until then it all came
PURPOSE
The purpose of this lab is to learn how to synthesize 2-methyl-2-butene into 2-bromo-2-methylbutane using addition of hydrogen bromide.
THEORY
Chemical Compound Molecular Formula Molecular Weight Boiling Point Melting Point Density
Amylene CH3CH=C(CH3)2 70.13 g/mol 36 oC -134 oC 0.662 g/ml
Hydrobromic Acid HBr 80.91 g/mol 126 oC -11 oC 1.490 g/ml
2-Bromo-2-MethylButane C5H11Br 151.05 g/mol 107 oC 1.18 g/ml
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 84.007 g/mol Decomposes at melting point unknown 2.159 g/ml
Diethyl ether C2H5OC2H5 74.12 g/mol 34.6 °C −116.3 °C 0.7134 g/ml
In this lab we use electrophilic addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene to make 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. Electrophilic addition …show more content…
Then we attach the apparatus and reflux the solution for 30 minutes by heating the solution until it boils, after this we allow the solution to cool down and then poured it into a125ml separatory funnel to drain and discard the lower spent acid layer. We washed the organic layer with a combination of 20ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and 20ml of ether. Then we drained the lower aqueous layer and we kept the organic layer. We added 4 to 5 pellets of calcium chloride to the organic layer and allowed the solution to dry for 10 minutes. After this we placed the dry ether solution in a 50ml flask and fractionally distilling the solution until the head temperature reaches 90 degrees C. Then we removed the fractionating column and continued the distillation using a short path column. After this we weighted the product and found the IR.
OBSERVATIONS
As the solution boiled in the first step it kept changing color getting darker from clear to yellow to orange. During the boiling I can see the two layers forming separating into organic and aqueous with a line in between, as the solution boiled more and more the organic phase kept growing little by little. In the final filtration, after 20ml of collected organic phase we did a short path column to collect the amount of the liquid wanted but this step took a lot of time since the increased temperature was needed, but until then it all came