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SPONGE IRON INDUSTRY:

THE REGULATORY CHALLENGE

Centre for Science and Environment

RESEARCH AND DIRECTION

Chandra Bhushan

Research

Sugandh Juneja

Contributions:

Kinjal Pillai

Himansu Patra

Kapil Subramanian

Design and layout

Surender Singh

We are grateful to the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst e.V. (EED)

for their support.

© 2011 Centre for Science and Environment

Material from this publication can be used, but with acknowledgement.

Prepared by

Centre for Science and Environment

41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi – 110 062 Ph: 91-11-2995 6110, 2995 5124, 2995 6394, 2995 6399 Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail] Website: www.cseindia.org
Contents

CHAPTER 1: Indian Sponge Iron Industry

1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 An Introduction to the sector ………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 Capacity and production ……………………………………………………………………………1

1.3 Coal-based sponge iron industry ……………………………………………………………………2

1.4 Clustered spread ……………………………………………………………………………………3

1.5 Growth ………………………………………………………………………………………………3

1.6 Production process …………………………………………………………………………………6

1.6.1 Types of technology ………………………………………………………………………8

1.6.2 Resource consumption ……………………………………………………………………9

1.7 CSE study ……………………………………………………………………………………………10

2. Sponge iron: Environmental concerns ………………………………………………………………10

3. Social impact of sponge iron industry ………………………………………………………………11

3.1 Illegal operations ……………………………………………………………………………………11

3.2 Health impact ………………………………………………………………………………………12

3.3

References: 6a. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 6b. Anon, 2007, Comprehensive Industry Document: Sponge Iron Industry, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi, pg. 63-64. 6c. http://www.essarsteel.com/steel/profile.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 6d. http://www.ispatind.com/milestone.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 6e. http://www.welspunpowerandsteel.com/ as viewed on May 5, 2010. 7. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 8 9. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 10 11a. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 11b. Anon, 2007, Comprehensive Industry Document: Sponge Iron Industry, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi, pg. 63-64. 12a. http://www.essarsteel.com/steel/profile.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 12b. http://www.ispatind.com/milestone.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 12c. http://www.welspunpowerandsteel.com/ as viewed on May 5, 2010. 13. Anon, 2007, Comprehensive Industry Document: Sponge Iron Industry, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment Forests, New Delhi, pg 14. Anon, 2008 – 09, Annual Report, Ministry of Steel, Government of India, New Delhi, pg. 51. 15 16. http://www.ispatind.com/milestone.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 17 18. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 19 24. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 25