Electrospun PLA/CS/Wax Scaffolds Case Study

4. Discussion

It is suggested that electrospun PLA/CS/Wax scaffold as a suitable substrate for neural tissue engineering. It can provide a biocompatibility environment similar to ECM that supports cells growth, adherence, and differentiation and it can be simply patterned. In this study, the growth, viability, and differentiation of mESCs was examined on PLA/CS/Wax scaffold. Because of pluripotency and individual properties of mESCs, they can be considered as a potential promise for cell replacement and regenerative therapies.
The results indicated that mESCs could be adherent and differentiated on PLA/CS/Wax scaffold and the surface properties of the substrate were important for cells differentiation. The induction medium associated with
Synthetic/natural composites have a stable structure because of synthetic polymers and a suitable surface for cells attachment because of natural polymers(Wang et al., 2016). PLA is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and synthetic polymer that has been used extensively in tissue engineering. In this study, PLA was blended with chitosan as a natural component. PLA scaffold is highly hydrophobic. So, PLA was blended with chitosan to increase hydrophilic property and on the other hand, it can decrease the pore size and fibers diameter in the electrospun scaffold(Tavakol et al., 2013). Also, the previous studies reported that chitosan had a positive role in inducing neural differentiation(Hoveizi et al., 2015c; Shirosaki et al., 2014). In agreement with this study, Guan et. al., prepared a new composite scaffold (chitosan/gelatin/hyaluronic acid) and they showed that this scaffold was suitable for adherence, survival, and differentiation of neural cells (Guan et al., 2013). Also, Shirian et. al., produced an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold and they successfully induced human endometrial and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural differentiation on this scaffold(Shirian et al., 2016). Indeed, we carried out some studies for neural differentiation using electrospun scaffolds and the results indicated that 3D culture can be effective to increase neural differentiation (Ebrahimi-Barough et al., 2017;
5. Conclusion
In the current study, for the first time, differentiation of mESCs was investigated on electrospun PLA/CS/Wax scaffold as an excellent, biocompatible, and new scaffold. mESCs were adhered and differentiated into NLCs on this scaffold. These results suggest that electrospun PLA/CS/Wax scaffold, associated with the inductive medium including CLA as a fantastical factor, provides a good condition to significantly increase mESCs differentiation into NLCs. It is expected that the current study could have several applications in the therapy of neural diseases.

Acknowledgments
This project was supported by Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz