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Elementos de La Crítica Social En

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Elementos de La Crítica Social En
[This paper is perfect for an advanced level Spanish-language student who wants to make a critical analysis of Spanish society prior to the Civil War.]

En García Lorca pretende divulgar la situación dramática que padecían las mujeres en la España de la época anterior a la Guerra Civil. La obra es una crítica social hacia los valores tradicionales que denuncia la sociedad conservadora y represora, la cobardía hacia el cambio, la ignorancia, la falta de solidaridad, la envidia, la doble moral y la hipocresía social.
Lorca nos pone ante una España rancia, en una casa andaluza, la casa de Bernarda, mujer author itaria y dictatorial sometida al "qué dirán", es decir a la imagen social, que decide convertir su casa en un ‘convento de clausura' y encerrar a sus cinco hijas para evitar los comentarios tendenciosos del pueblo. Impone un luto opresivo de ocho años, tras la muerte de su marido porque así lo dicta la tradición familiar: "En ocho años que dure el luto no ha de entrar en esta casa el viento de la calle. (...) Así pasó en casa de mi padre y en casa de mi abuelo." (p. 204)
El temor a la crítica malsana, a ser víctima de las lenguas maledicientes, que sólo valoran la "fachada", ha petrificado los sentimientos de Bernarda hacia sus propias hijas y hacia su madre. Sus palabras no pueden ser más claras al respecto: "Yo no me meto en los corazones, pero quiero buena fachada." (p. 231) El "qué dirán" lo domina todo. En una escena del primer acto, la madre de Bernarda, loca y anciana, deambula por la casa y sale al patio, y Bernarda dice a la criada: -"Ve con ella y ten cuidado de que no se acerque al pozo." Criada: "No tengas miedo de que se tire."Bernarda: "No es por eso ... Pero desde aquel sitio las vecinas pueden verla desde su ventana." (p. 205) Esta indiferencia por la vida de la madre, que importa menos que la reputación, es una referencia de la frialdad con la que Bernarda atiende el destino de sus hijas.

La importancia de este "qué dirán"se extiende

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