OBJECTIVE FINDINGS: On physical examination the patient was conscious and alert but disoriented to time and place. Blood pressure was 160/80 mm Hg. Pulse, 96. Respirations, 20. Temperature 38.8®C. There were no focal neurologic deficits. Chest radiograph, urinalysis, and blood cultures were negative. A neurology consultation was obtained. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain was performed which disclosed encephalitis. An electroencephalogram was markedly normal for his age.…
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Tyrosine - Chemical Properties: Aromatic -Toxicity: when given to mice intraperitoneally, at doses >1450mg/kg, Tyrosine is said to be toxic. In humans, prolonged exposure to Tyrosine could cause urinary system, blood and behavior problems. Prolonged skin exposure could cause dermatitis. National Fire Protection rates health hazard of Tyrosine a 1. -Flammability: May be combustible at high temperatures.…
She became lethargic within one hour. She was immediately treated with “10mg activated charcoal, 3 h post ingestion”. The patient then went unconscious but did not need any tubes or extra ventilation. On arrival, her pulse was 110, blood pressure was 106/60, RR (melatonin level) was 20, body temperature 98.3, pOx 98 (RA). She had a disconjugated gaze. Her skin appeared dry, pink, and warm. Bowel sounds were decreasing. An ECG with 12-lead showed a sinus curve of 110. She was in stable condition with consistent vital signs and slowly awakened throughout a 24-hr period. On the second day, she slept for excessive periods at a time. She also suffered “truncal ataxia” while in the sitting position, which still existed during walking and standing up the next day. On the fourth day, she showed trouble with fine motor skills, but was discharged. The girl was monitored for seven days as symptoms receded and no abnormal condition resulted…
Werner Doyle performed a brain biopsy on Susannah. The results confirmed the expected inflammation of her brain. They knew that she had an autoimmune disease, but they didn’t know what kind. In the meantime, they could begin treatment with intravenous steroids. A Dr. Dalmau was given her spinal fluid samples to test for Anti-NMDA-receptor autoimmune encephalitis. Dr. Dalmau had discovered this disease by studying four women with similar symptoms, including a high white blood cell count, delusions, memory problems, and teratomas in their ovaries. They also had similar antibodies targeting specific areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus. Susannah’s results came back positive, but thankfully, she did not have any teratomas. Because of the aggressive plan of IVIG treatments, steroids, and plasmapheresis, Susannah was discharged from the hospital after twenty-eight days. The doctors weren’t sure if Susannah would ever be completely herself again, but with checkups, therapy, and the treatments, they were…
Mr. Monsour is 65 years old Caucasian that was admitted to the acute care with altered mental status for approximately a week. He was at the skill nurse facility for rehabilitation after having a total knee replacement. He stops taking his medication and saying that his mind would help his body heal. Eventually the patient reportedly developed psychotic features rhythm with religious overtones, it heighten Ativan and Haldol help improve for a short time. As the behavior increased with intensity, the patient had to be sedated, intubated and transfer to the ICU. When attempting to extubated the patient with a.m. SAT he developed AFIB and needed to be sedated and this helps his rhythm to return to sinus rhythm. Patient was placed on Precedex…
September 28, 2002. No this isn’t the day that Title IX came into play, or the day that Roger Bannister ran a four-minute mile, or the day that LeBron James decided he would leave the Cleveland Cavaliers to play for the Miami Heat. This is the day that we would see an NFL legend, Mike Webster, laying on an autopsy table at the Allegheny County coroner’s office in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. The significance of this day? After this day, the world of football would be turned upside down. Webster died of heart failure, but there was more to it than what met the eye. Webster was the first confirmed case of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is defined by the Brain Injury Research Institute as, “a degenerative brain disease most commonly found in those who have suffered multiple concussions or mild traumatic brain injuries (Omalu What is CTE?).” In this essay, I will explore CTE and what the NFL has-or rather has not-done to help its players in order to determine if football does cause CTE. Under the microscope, you can see CTE as a “buildup of tau, a…
“Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one”.…
1.5 Eastern Han dynasty 1.5.1 Ecological and cultural background The fall of the Xin dynasty made way for the reestablishment of the Han dynasty. In 25 CE, a descendant of Liu Bang (the Han founder) named Liu Xiu joined the rebellion against Wang Mang and reclaimed the throne after Wang Mang’s death. Liu Xiu revived the Han dynasty in honour of his forbears and became Emperor Guangwu of Han. The new emperor changed the capital of the Han dynasty to a city further east called Loyang.…
I was exposed with Tuberculosis in 2010 at my job by a patient, was the worse experienced ever. Being on 3 types of antibiotics for 9 months straight and lose of weight of 102 from 120 in one week. My appetite, energy dropped dramatically. In 2 two weeks been treated and taking the medication I realized that I was losing my hair and eye lashes and getting fungus on my toes. All this side affects where from the medications. The feeling on knowing that I was exposed by a patient, who was not educated and came from other country having tuberculosis without him knowing about it, was frustrating and ignorant. I can still remember the pain and agony. As of now, I am still dealing to get my health and had developed other health problems, like depression, anxiety and insomnia. Tuberculosis has changed my life for ever. I thank god for giving me the strength and positive attitude of knowing that everything is ok and it will be fine that, I am lucky and fortunate and that is cure and help for and anyone.…
There was also a chest x-ray done that showed whiteout of the right lung and possible infiltration or tumors in the right lung as well as an enlarged heart. JH had a CT scan done of her brain which came back unremarkable. On September 10th, a chest tube was inserted on JH draining approximately 400ml of serosanguineous fluid. A sample of this was sent to the lab for a gram stain and culture and cytology, it came back negative for bacterial growth and no cancerous cells were seen. A follow-up x-ray on the 12th showed not changes, indicating that she had a mass in her chest and not just fluid. Following the core measures protocol, blood cultures were drawn in the ER and JH was started on Levaquin; the patient was also vaccinated with pneumococcal and tDap. After her blood cultures came back negative, Levaquin was discontinued on September 12th. JH has continued to take her home meds she brought in while hospitalized. Her medication list…
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is a disease in the brain that is found in many athletes, and military veterans. CTE is caused from repetitive brain trauma which is why it is found in many football players.Chronic traumatic encephalopathy was actually referred to as dementia pugilistica which they thought was only in boxers. The BIRI says "The brain of an individual who suffers from chronic traumatic encephalopathy gradually deteriorates and will over time end up losing mass. Certain areas of the brain are particularly liable to atrophy, though other areas are prone to becoming enlarged. Another aspect of CTE is that some areas of the brain experience an accumulation of tau protein, a substance which serves to stabilize cellular structure…
"CDC: West Nile Virus - What You Need To Know." Centers for Disease Control and…
Epilepsy comes in a variety of people as well as in a variety of ways. Most patients with epilepsy take some form of anti-epileptic drug. Epilepsy is a chronic disease that can cause more issues than just the seizures themselves. Epilepsy can lead to poor quality of life which is why the group of authors who completed and wrote about this study, studied to comparison of physical activity habits as well as quality of life for people with temporal lobe epilepsy. Physical activity will have an effect on quality of life for those with temporal lobe epilepsy.…
Introduction In the pediatric population, chronic subdural fluid collection is group of related condition termed as extracerebral (or extra-axial) fluid collection (1). Chronic subdural fluid collection can present as chronic subdural hematoma or subdural effusion (2). The term subdural hygroma, subdural hydroma, chronic subdural hematoma and beningn extracerebral fluid collection etc have been used very loosely in past to describe the same entity. While the condition of benign external hydrocephalus (benign extra cerebral fluid collection) has been recognized as different entity from above described entities, as it is a self limiting disease of infancy (3). Modern neuroimaging techniques, however have greatly advanced our understanding of these conditions. Surprisingly not much literature exists on the subject, and publications before the advent of modern computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging-MRI (1). It is an entity of common interest to pediatricians, physicians and neurosurgeons. The author highlights his experience of subdural fluid collection in small children of less than 2 year age, the role of conservative treatment is emphasized. Pathophysiology and Terminology Excessive fluid within the subarachnoid space occurs with communicating hydrocephalus and in a selflimited condition known by various terms, including benign expansion of the subarachnoid spaces and benign external hydrocephalus (1). According to other theory, the benign external hydrocephalus is thought to occur because of the atersia of arachnoid villi leading to failed CSF absorption and it’s (CSF) consequent accumulation in subarachnoid space (4). Hence this entity is different from other subdural fluid collections i.e. effusion, haematoma or hygroma. Chronic accumulation of fluid within the subdural space may occur as the results of…
interpupillary line. Other physical attributes they look for are the irregular enlargement of the eyes as well as irregular swelling of the head. Modalities that physicians use to check for hydrocephalus would be computed tomography (CT). Although MRI is the imaging modality of choice, CT is used first used to look deeper into the brain. Along with an MRI scan, a CT scan can help diagnose hydrocephalus in both pediatrics and adults. Both of these imaging modalities can diagnose and show the enlarged brain along with the dilated ventricles that results from excessive cerebral spinal fluid within the brain. If there is a case of hydrocephalus with the patient, there is a plan and a way to treat it. Fortunate enough, a prognosis can be done.…