Endocrine System: Notes
Notes on Final Exam:
Practice Exams 1-4 are open for practice
Final Exam consists of 100 questions
Red scantron required
Equal amount of questions from last 3 chapters covered.
Wasn’t enough time to cover everything, so don’t JUST study this!
DO NOT FORGET – Exam 4 due Monday at noon!
Endocrine System
Hormones: functions, where they're secreted from, etc.
Adrenal Glands:
Cortex:
Zona Glomerulosa mineralcorticoids - Aldosterone
Zona Fasiculata glucocorticoids – Cortisol (synergist), allows glucagon to work – sugar-preserving hormone
Zona Reticularis gonadocorticoids - Androgens
Medulla:
Catecholamines: stressor hormones
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Osteoporosis – reduction in the mass of the bone – Lots of questions!
Calcium regulation – Lots of questions!
PTH & Calcitonin responsible for calcium regulation in the body * Calcium important for nerve transmission, muscle contraction (esp. heart), cell division *
Aldosterone – primary hormone responsible for water regulation
ANP – antagonist to aldosterone *
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System: LOTS of questions!
Renin:
Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin
Increases thirst, reabsorption of sodium, ADH *
Angiotensins – vasoconstrictors – act on hypothalamus – make you thirsty
Type 1 – secrete ACE – defect that damaged type 1 cells? Hypotension, increased urine production
Type 2 – secrete surfactant – defect that damaged type 2 cells? Lung collapse
Same function, different mechanisms: *
Aldosterone: Increases sodium reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule decreasing urine output
ADH: By insertion of aquaporins in collecting ducts, decreasing urine output
Glucagon – Increases blood sugar - produced by alpha cells of the pancreas – needs cortisol to work (permissiveness!)
Insulin – Decreases blood sugar – produced by beta cells
Review pathology in endocrine – Hypo/hypersecretions – GH, TH, etc.:
GH dependent on what age
Practice Exams 1-4 are open for practice
Final Exam consists of 100 questions
Red scantron required
Equal amount of questions from last 3 chapters covered.
Wasn’t enough time to cover everything, so don’t JUST study this!
DO NOT FORGET – Exam 4 due Monday at noon!
Endocrine System
Hormones: functions, where they're secreted from, etc.
Adrenal Glands:
Cortex:
Zona Glomerulosa mineralcorticoids - Aldosterone
Zona Fasiculata glucocorticoids – Cortisol (synergist), allows glucagon to work – sugar-preserving hormone
Zona Reticularis gonadocorticoids - Androgens
Medulla:
Catecholamines: stressor hormones
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Osteoporosis – reduction in the mass of the bone – Lots of questions!
Calcium regulation – Lots of questions!
PTH & Calcitonin responsible for calcium regulation in the body * Calcium important for nerve transmission, muscle contraction (esp. heart), cell division *
Aldosterone – primary hormone responsible for water regulation
ANP – antagonist to aldosterone *
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System: LOTS of questions!
Renin:
Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin
Increases thirst, reabsorption of sodium, ADH *
Angiotensins – vasoconstrictors – act on hypothalamus – make you thirsty
Type 1 – secrete ACE – defect that damaged type 1 cells? Hypotension, increased urine production
Type 2 – secrete surfactant – defect that damaged type 2 cells? Lung collapse
Same function, different mechanisms: *
Aldosterone: Increases sodium reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule decreasing urine output
ADH: By insertion of aquaporins in collecting ducts, decreasing urine output
Glucagon – Increases blood sugar - produced by alpha cells of the pancreas – needs cortisol to work (permissiveness!)
Insulin – Decreases blood sugar – produced by beta cells
Review pathology in endocrine – Hypo/hypersecretions – GH, TH, etc.:
GH dependent on what age