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entreprenuership
1
FINANCE AND DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH PROGRAMME
WORKING PAPER SERIES
Paper No 15
THE POLICY
ENVIRONMENT FOR
PROMOTING SMALL
AND MEDIUM-SIZED
ENTERPRISES IN
GHANA AND MALAWI
Dalitso Kayanula and
Peter Quartey
IDPM, University of Manchester
May 2000
ISBN:
Series Editor:
Further details:
Published by:
1 902518675
Colin Kirkpatrick
Maggie Curran, Marketing and Publicity Administrator
Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester,
Crawford House, Precinct Centre, Oxford Road, MANCHESTER M13 9GH
Tel: +44-161 275 2804/2800 Fax: +44-161 273 8829
Email: idpm@man.ac.uk Web: http://www.man.ac.uk/idpm/
2
I. TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Table of Contents ii
II. Abstract iii
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SMES IN GHANA & MALAWI
2.1.1 Definitions & Concepts 3
2.1.2 The Role & Characteristics of SMEs 8
2.1.3 Constraints to SME Development 9
3.0 POLICIES FOR PROMOTING SMEs IN GHANA & MALAWI 12
4.0 SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS 16
5.0 REFERENCES 19
6.0 APPENDIX 23
3
II. Abstract
The dynamic role of small and medium scale enterprises(SMEs) in developing countries have been highly emphasised. These enterprises have been identified as the means through which the rapid industrialisation and other developmental goals of these countries can be realised. This paper explores the achievements of the Small and Medium Scale Enterprise (SME) sector in Ghana and Malawi and the role government, internal and external support institutions have played in promoting the sector. The findings will assist policy makers, development agencies and business organisations to ascertain the appropriate strategy to improve the SME sector.
4
THE POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR PROMOTING SMALL AND MEDIUMSIZED
ENTERPRISES IN GHANA & MALAWI
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The dynamic role of small and medium enterprises(SMEs) in developing countries as engines through which the growth objectives of developing countries can be achieved has long been



References: Anheier H.K and Seibel H.D (1987), `Small Scale Industries and Economic Development in Ghana’, Business Behaviour and Strategies in Informal Sector Aryeetey E, Baah-Nuakoh A, Duggleby T, Hettige H & Steel W.F (1994), `Supply and Demand for Finance of Small Scale Enterprises in Ghana’, World Bank --------(1994), `Financial Integration and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Study of Informal Finance in Ghana’ ODI Working Paper No -------(1996), `The Formal Financial Sector in Ghana After The Reforms’, ODI Working Paper No Aryeetey E, Hettige H, Nissanke M & Steel W (1997), `Financial Market Fragmentation and Reforms in Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, & Tanzania’, The Baydas M.M, Meyer R L & Aguilera-Alfred N(1993), `Information Problems in Lending to Small-Scale Enterprises - Evidence from Ecuador’, Small Enterprise Development, Vol.4 No.2 Bolton J.E (1971), Report of The Committee of Inquiry on Small Firms, HMSO, Daniels, L and Ngwira A.(1993), `Results of a Nation-wide Survey on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Malawi’, GEMINI Technical Report No 53 ------& Fisseha (1992), `Micro and Small Scale Enterprises in Botswana: Results of a Nation-wide Survey’, Gemini Technical Report No Dawson J (1990), `The Wider Context: The Importance of The Macroenvironment for Small Enterprise Development’, Small Enterprise Development, Vol 1 No --------- (1992), `The Relevance of The Flexible Specialisation Paradigm for Small Scale Industrial Restructuring in Ghana’, IDS Bulletin Vol Dordunoo C.K (1994), `The Foreign Exchange Market and The Dutch Auction System in Ghana’, AERC Research Paper No Elaian K (1996), `Employment Implications of Small Scale Industries in Developing Countries: Evidence from Jordan’, Science, Technology & Development 24 Fisseha Y (1991), `Small Scale Enterprises in Lesotho: Summary of a Country-wide ---------- and McPherson (1991), `A Country-wide Study of Small Scale Enterprises in Swaziland’, Gemini Technical Report No Hannig, W (1997), Skills, Jobs and Income: The GTZ Business and Employment Promotion in Malawi, GTZ Lilongwe. Hyman E.L & Dearden K (1998), `Comprehensive Impact Assessment Systems for NGO Micro-enterprise Development Programmes’, World Development, Vol.26 No.2 Karagozola N & Lindell M (1998), `Internationalisation of Small and Medium-Sized Karwowska M.A & Mrozinska E (1993), `Policy Support for SMEs in Poland’, International Small Business Journal, Vol Keeble D, Bryson J & Wood P (1992), `The Rise and The Role of Small Service Firms in The United Kingdom’, International Business Journal Vol Knight M (1998), `Developing Countries and The Global Financial Markets’, World Development, Vol Levy B (1993), `Obstacles to Developing Indigenous Small and Medium Enterprises: An Empirical Assessment’, The World Bank Economic Review, Vol Liedholm C and Mead D (1987), `Small Scale Industries in Developing Countries: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications’, International Development Malawi government (1988) `Statement of Development Policies’, Lilongwe Malawi Industrial Research and Technology Development Centre (MIRTDC), 1996, Mead D.C (1984), `Of Contracts and Subcontracts: Small Firms in Vertical Disintegrated Production/Distribution Systems in LDCs’, World Development, --------- & Liedholm (1998) `The Dynamics of Micro and Small Enterprises in Developing Countries’, World Development Vol 25 Mead D.C & Liedholm (1998) `The Dynamics of Micro and Small Enterprises in Developing Countries’, World Development Vol. 26 No. 1 Miller H.G & Levin D(1993), `Microenterprise Development: An Analysis of Mosley P & Hulme D (1998), `Microenterprise Finance: Is There a Conflict Between Growth and Poverty Alleviation?’, World Development Vol Nadvi K (1998), `International Competitiveness and Small Firm Clusters- Evidence from Pakistan’, Small Enterprise Development Vol 9 No Opoku-Afriyie K.J (1997), `Promoting Enterprises in The Wood Products Subsector in Ghana’, Small Enterprise Development, Vol Osei B, Baah-Nuakoh A, Tutu K.A, & Sowa N.K (1993), `Impact of Structural Adjustment on Small-Scale Enterprises in Ghana’, in Helmsing A.H.J and Parker R.L, Riopelle R, Steel W.F (1995), `Small Enterprises Adjusting to Liberalisation in Five African Countries’, World Bank Discussion Paper No. Ray D.N (1991), `Venture Capital and Entrepreneurial Development in Singapore’, International Small Business Journal, Vol Schmitz Hubert (1989), `Flexible Specialisation - A New Paradigm of Small- Scale Industrialisation?’ IDS Discussion Paper 261 ----------(1991) `Small Shoemakers and Fordist Giants: Tale of a Supercluster’, IDS Discussion Paper No ----------(1998), `Fostering Collective Efficiency’, Small Enterprise Development Vol

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