Enviornmenta Engineering Lab Techniques
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Copyright © 2008, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to rights@newagepublishers.com
ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2652-6
PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD
NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com
PREFA PREFACE
The environment can be defined as the surroundings in which we live. These surroundings may be living (biotic) or non living (abiotic). There is a dynamic equilibrium between biotic and abiotic environment. We are influenced in our day to day activities by the environment. We in turn affect the environment by our activities, by consuming its natural resources and producing pollution. Pollution is the mixing of undesirable elements in any of the natural resources. For example when we mix the human excreta with water and produce sewage and dispose it in the river we pollute the river. There are many indices of designating and measuring this pollution like Biochemical Oxygen Demand, etc. Now this pollution degrades the quality of water. Water, fit for drinking is the second most important requirement (first is the air) for human beings. It must have some useful ingredients and must not have the pollutants. Actually Environmental Engineering is a very broad subject, but its basic knowledge is compulsory for every engineer. Some of the knowledge can be obtained by doing some simple experiments to judge the quality of water and wastewater and that is why the laboratory analysis of Environmental Engineering has been recommended for the first year students of all branches in
Copyright © 2008, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to rights@newagepublishers.com
ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2652-6
PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD
NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com
PREFA PREFACE
The environment can be defined as the surroundings in which we live. These surroundings may be living (biotic) or non living (abiotic). There is a dynamic equilibrium between biotic and abiotic environment. We are influenced in our day to day activities by the environment. We in turn affect the environment by our activities, by consuming its natural resources and producing pollution. Pollution is the mixing of undesirable elements in any of the natural resources. For example when we mix the human excreta with water and produce sewage and dispose it in the river we pollute the river. There are many indices of designating and measuring this pollution like Biochemical Oxygen Demand, etc. Now this pollution degrades the quality of water. Water, fit for drinking is the second most important requirement (first is the air) for human beings. It must have some useful ingredients and must not have the pollutants. Actually Environmental Engineering is a very broad subject, but its basic knowledge is compulsory for every engineer. Some of the knowledge can be obtained by doing some simple experiments to judge the quality of water and wastewater and that is why the laboratory analysis of Environmental Engineering has been recommended for the first year students of all branches in