Equilibrium Potential Lab Report
(a) Define the term equilibrium potential and use the Nernst equation (see Appendix) to show how the equilibrium potentials for both sodium and potassium are calculated.
Equilibrium potential is the potential of the membrane when there is no net flow of ions from one gradient to the other gradient. The ions are equal and are opposite of each other but not moving from one side to the other.
Sodium:
Ena=2.303((8.31 J m-1 K-1)(310K))/((1(= 9.65 x 104 c m-1))(log(150/15))= 61.54 mV Ek=2.303((8.31 J m-1 K-11)(310K))/((2(= 9.65 x 104 c m-1))(log(5/100))=-40.01mV
(b) With specific reference to permeability, briefly describe what happens to sodium and potassium ions during an action potential. In order for sodium and potassium ions to pass through …show more content…
It gives a quicker response than g-protein coupled receptors. However it closes quickly and it typically only lets in K+, Cl- and Ca2+. G-protein coupled receptors have ligands that bind to them and that activates the receptor and then the G-protein goes and actiavates another molecule so the G-Protein acts as a secondary messenger. This can take longer than the transmitter-gated ion channels but it can travel throughout the cell and it gets more responses which could lead to the activation of many other ion channels than the transmitter -gated ion channels.
(d) Outline the stages in the synthesis and breakdown of dopamine. Synthesis: The amino acid tyrosine is converted to L-Dopa by tyrosine hydroxylase. L-Dopa is than converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase. Breakdown: Dopamine can be broken down by either reuptake or metabolism. With metabolism dopamine breaks down to 3,4 DOPAC by monoamine oxidase or dopamine is broken down to 3-MT by catechol 0-methyltransferase. The3,4 DOPAC than breaks down to homovanillic acid by catechol-o-methyltransferase and 3-MT breaks down to homovanillic acid by monoamine oxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase.
(e) Briefly outline one mechanism for the possible genetic basis of alcoholism. GABA is a neurotransmitter that can affect alcoholism. If in your genes you possess that specific neurotransmitter for GABA than the chances of you having alcoholism will increase.
(10 marks) [Total: 50
Equilibrium potential is the potential of the membrane when there is no net flow of ions from one gradient to the other gradient. The ions are equal and are opposite of each other but not moving from one side to the other.
Sodium:
Ena=2.303((8.31 J m-1 K-1)(310K))/((1(= 9.65 x 104 c m-1))(log(150/15))= 61.54 mV Ek=2.303((8.31 J m-1 K-11)(310K))/((2(= 9.65 x 104 c m-1))(log(5/100))=-40.01mV
(b) With specific reference to permeability, briefly describe what happens to sodium and potassium ions during an action potential. In order for sodium and potassium ions to pass through …show more content…
It gives a quicker response than g-protein coupled receptors. However it closes quickly and it typically only lets in K+, Cl- and Ca2+. G-protein coupled receptors have ligands that bind to them and that activates the receptor and then the G-protein goes and actiavates another molecule so the G-Protein acts as a secondary messenger. This can take longer than the transmitter-gated ion channels but it can travel throughout the cell and it gets more responses which could lead to the activation of many other ion channels than the transmitter -gated ion channels.
(d) Outline the stages in the synthesis and breakdown of dopamine. Synthesis: The amino acid tyrosine is converted to L-Dopa by tyrosine hydroxylase. L-Dopa is than converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase. Breakdown: Dopamine can be broken down by either reuptake or metabolism. With metabolism dopamine breaks down to 3,4 DOPAC by monoamine oxidase or dopamine is broken down to 3-MT by catechol 0-methyltransferase. The3,4 DOPAC than breaks down to homovanillic acid by catechol-o-methyltransferase and 3-MT breaks down to homovanillic acid by monoamine oxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase.
(e) Briefly outline one mechanism for the possible genetic basis of alcoholism. GABA is a neurotransmitter that can affect alcoholism. If in your genes you possess that specific neurotransmitter for GABA than the chances of you having alcoholism will increase.
(10 marks) [Total: 50