Erasmus ' disdain for the Catholic church not only helped himself but opened the eyes of many people. The people of this time were not only naive but were followers of the church only because they believed that is what was right. The method he used most to stand up against the Catholic church was through ridicule. His first ever published book was Encomium Moriae (The Praise of Folly). Its Latinized Greek title was partly a pun on his host 's name, but moros was also Greek for "fool," and moria for "folly" (Manchester 121). The very thought of this book enraged the priestly hierarchy. Erasmus, being the bold and dignified man that he was, continued his ridiculing. His next target was a pontiff, "the warrior pope," Julius II. Iulias exclusus was a sort of skit, that was full of satire, used to ridicule Julius. After Julius had died, this skit spread around quickly and was very popular and much talked about. The Curia, alarmed now, urged Erasmus to lay his pen aside and spend the rest of his life in repentant piety (Manchester 126).…
Erasmus, Desiderius a humanist, criticized the deeds of the church such as monks blindly reciting prayers and the sale of indulgences. For example, when in the book it states” Erasmus, though his life and work, made clear that many loyal catholic’s wanted major reforms in the church long before the Reformation made them a reality”. This supports the fact that Erasmus criticizes the church with the sale of indulgences to citizens to repent for their sins. In addition, Erasmus also…
“Death in Venice” starts with the author, Thomas Mann, introducing Aschenbach, an honorable, rational and well thought out older man who lives in Germany. All Aschenbach wants to do is become successful in his field of work, writing. As a young child, Aschenbach was raised to be a successful, fundamental and polite person, creating apollonian like qualities within him. But as the book goes on, Aschenbach’s apollonian like qualities seem to dissipate, leading this careful, fundamental person to a sudden death.…
Anyone who was ambitious enough to start their own church, or create their own view on Christianity, was labeled a pagan or heretic. Their property was seized, and they and their followers were murdered. Practices of the Roman Catholic Church encouraged indulgences. Indulgences were when a priest would say that your loved one would be sent to heaven, if you provided a payment.The pope established the practice of selling indulgences to be applied to the dead, thereby establishing a new stream of revenue with agents across Europe. When Martin Luther came to Rome, he was disgusted. (The 95 Theses of Martin Luther)…
The development of academic textual criticism as applied to the Biblical text by scholars such as Erasmus made clear the need for reconsideration of the interpretation and application of the Biblical texts. Ad fontes humanists pointed the church back to Classical Greece and Rome, as well as the beginnings of the Christian tradition with a commitment to the past that seemed highly likely to impact the future of the church had Luther not come along and reconceived of how to use the Biblical text. And while Luther began in earnest the rhetorical and practical use of printed materials as a means of effective and forceful communication on a large scale, it seems likely that academics (such as Erasmus or Calvin) and/or other clergy (such as Zwingli and Marpeck) would eventually have been able to use their combination of humanism, textual knowledge, and the power of the press to get across ideas worthy of creating a theological reformation of the European Church during the 16th century. As we…
While Erasmus remained faithful to the Catholic Church, Erasmus observed many exploitations among her ministry, theologians, and untrained persons, and he dedicated a huge apportion of the Praise of Folly to disapproval of the sleaze in the Church. The sleaze of the clergy was similar to that of the princes, and like the princes their existences made ridicule of the "linen vestment, snow-white in colour to indicate a pure and spotless life" (107) and other symbols of the ideal Erasmus envisioned for the cardinals, bishops, and popes. Their greatest care was "netting their revenues into the bag" (107). The popes were biased by the fraud of "their wealth and honours, their…
Francis of Assisi, occasionally regarded as the “hippie of the saints” and the lover of animals, lived from 1181-1226. At the beginning of his life, he lived a rather well-to-do lifestyle, with a carefree view on life. He partied, got drunk, and hung out with friends- Francis was your average medieval teenager, who had a generally happy view on life. In young adulthood, though, Francis was enlisted in a feud with a neighboring city, and was captured. There, he became ill and, once released, went home to recover. It was at this point in his life that he turned to the Church for guidance, and became a religious man. Years after he turned to God, Francis has was worshiping on a mountainside, when he had vision of a divine figure, and woke up with the markings of Christ’s stigmata on his hands, feet, and side. It is in this paper that I observe multiple views various historians have of Francis’s…
and then do nothing with them. As a society we do the same thing today. In…
Foil characters are defined as characters that are used to contrast another character. This character in most cases is the protagonist. Moreover, foil characters tend to be based on the protagonist’s hubris, wherein contrasting the fatal flaw shows how it has ballooned out of control. Foil characters further themes by highlighting the characteristics of certain characters that will help enhance the theme. The role of foil characters in Shakespearean tragedies is to show what could have happened if the protagonist made a different choice. Likewise, this idea is prevalent within Romeo and Juliet. Furthermore, this play portrays two children from warring families who meet and fall in love, but eventually kill themselves as their love is not accepted in either family. In Romeo and Juliet foil characters are used to contrast different characteristics of both Romeo and Juliet. They also take on the role of changing faith. These characters exemplify how faith can have two sides. The death of a foil character for example, brought chaos and misery towards both the families. However, the quick thinking of another foil character brought Romeo and Juliet together. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Romeo’s qualities are emphasized and distinguished through the foil characters: Mercutio, Tybalt, and Benvolio.…
Having a government which makes impartial decisions that prioritize the best interests of all the residents in the area is extremely important as this ensures peace, prosperity, and unity among the people. Complete power and authority must not be in the hands of any one person; specialization of labor and a system of checks in the government is necessary to ensure a lack of corruption and optimum decision-making. Imagine a world where one is stripped of the opportunity to make one’s voice heard, and that they are given no say in contributing to decisions which directly affect them. The situation in Lord of the Flies is very similar to this scenario. The boys’ system of governing, right from the moment of their stranding in the island till the…
A tragic hero is defined as “a [great] man who is neither a paragon of virtue and justice nor undergoes the change to misfortune through any real badness or wickedness but because of some mistake” (“Aristotle”, n.d.). Therefore, a tragic hero has some sort of tragedy that surrounds their life. A tragic hero also makes dramas more interesting and makes readers think. Dramas sometimes either exemplify or refute Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. Oedipus by Sophocles exemplifies Aristotle’s definition in four different aspects. The first aspect involves both Oedipus’ ignorance and knowledge of his life situations, the second involves his hamartia, the third involves the actual plot itself, and the fourth involves the characterization of…
Free will is a concept of much debate. I base my conception of free will on Erasmus's definition. Erasmus argues that free will is “The human will by which man is able to direct himself towards to turn away from what leads to eternal salvation”(6). My conception of free will alters the last clause and instead substitutes, man’s ability to direct himself towards and turn away from success, in addition to having the freedom to define such success. In this paper I will argue that man’s will is never completely free; it is always dependent to some extent on God. I will analyze the philosophical theories of Erasmus, Luther, Descartes, Spinoza, and the movie The Adjustment Bureau, and the arguments they they make in their…
Any great story has its critics ready to critique every great detail of a story. Sophocles’s Oedipus the King is no exemption. Oedipus the King was written around 430 B.C. so this play has had plenty of time to be critiqued. Not only has this Greek tragedy been around for so long, but it is considered a masterpiece; it only makes sense for something very famous to be criticized even more.…
In the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, the author give his audience a parable showing that through forgiveness and communication, two people can settle an argument and remain close friends.…
“Wisely and slow, they run fast” Haste is described perfectly with that one quote. People don’t take into considerations the consequences of their actions. In William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet adolescents who lack the wisdom obtained from life experience and react with dramatic haste, failing to contemplate the possible risks consequences of their actions is revealed. Through this tale of love there are many events leading to the tragic endings of his two main characters, Shakespeare shows how if rationality and patience is not used it will lead to downfall. Many teenagers, four hundred years ago and to this day are like Romeo and Juliet; impulsive and do things with too much haste.…