Ergonomic Back Pack
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
[pic]
M6601 Human Factors Engineering Fundamentals
PROJECT ASSIGNMENT
Findings on
Ergonomics School Bag Effectiveness
Submitted by: Aishwarya G0902420J
Alan Tan Teck Keong G0902421F
Koh Han Tiang G0902428G
Kok Kee G0902429D
Lim Jia Wei G0902431D
| |
Abstract
XXXXX
Keywords:
Acknowledgement
We are grateful to Mdm Ng Hwee Heng (Principal) and Mdm Patsy Poh (form teacher of P6D) of Jurong West Primary School, who supported us, by agreeing to volunteer their pupils for this study and test, allowing us to gain the necessary result and observation in this report.
Table of Contents
Abstract i
Acknowledgement i
Table of Contents ii
List of Figures iii
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Objective 4
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Objective and Scope 5
Chapter 2 – Literature Review 7
2.1 Various studies of lower back pain 7
2.2 Various studies of backpack 9
2.3 Case Studies 11
Chapter 3 – Appraisal methods and results 14
3.1 Methodology 14
3.2 Experiment conducted 17
3.3 Data collection 18
3.4 Procedure 18
Chapter 4 – Discussion and Recommendations 20
4.1 Discussion and Results 20
4.2 Weight of schoolbags 21
4.3 Schoolbag weight as a % of body weight 21
4.4 Types of schoolbags and methods of carriage 21
4.5 Discomfort due to schoolbag carriage 21
4.6 Distribution and intensity of discomfort 21
Chapter 5 – Conclusion 22
References 23
List of Figures
Figure 1: Student with heavy bag 4
Figure 2: Airpacks Backpack 6
Figure 3: SPI Backpack 6
Figure 4: Structure of the Spine 8
Figure 5: Heavy bags alter kids ' gait 13
Figure 6: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 18
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Objective
3 Introduction
There is ongoing concern regarding the weight of children’s’ schoolbags and the negative consequences of such heavy loads on the developing spine. There is particular concern for the students in primary schools, as the spine is
[pic]
M6601 Human Factors Engineering Fundamentals
PROJECT ASSIGNMENT
Findings on
Ergonomics School Bag Effectiveness
Submitted by: Aishwarya G0902420J
Alan Tan Teck Keong G0902421F
Koh Han Tiang G0902428G
Kok Kee G0902429D
Lim Jia Wei G0902431D
| |
Abstract
XXXXX
Keywords:
Acknowledgement
We are grateful to Mdm Ng Hwee Heng (Principal) and Mdm Patsy Poh (form teacher of P6D) of Jurong West Primary School, who supported us, by agreeing to volunteer their pupils for this study and test, allowing us to gain the necessary result and observation in this report.
Table of Contents
Abstract i
Acknowledgement i
Table of Contents ii
List of Figures iii
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Objective 4
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Objective and Scope 5
Chapter 2 – Literature Review 7
2.1 Various studies of lower back pain 7
2.2 Various studies of backpack 9
2.3 Case Studies 11
Chapter 3 – Appraisal methods and results 14
3.1 Methodology 14
3.2 Experiment conducted 17
3.3 Data collection 18
3.4 Procedure 18
Chapter 4 – Discussion and Recommendations 20
4.1 Discussion and Results 20
4.2 Weight of schoolbags 21
4.3 Schoolbag weight as a % of body weight 21
4.4 Types of schoolbags and methods of carriage 21
4.5 Discomfort due to schoolbag carriage 21
4.6 Distribution and intensity of discomfort 21
Chapter 5 – Conclusion 22
References 23
List of Figures
Figure 1: Student with heavy bag 4
Figure 2: Airpacks Backpack 6
Figure 3: SPI Backpack 6
Figure 4: Structure of the Spine 8
Figure 5: Heavy bags alter kids ' gait 13
Figure 6: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 18
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Objective
3 Introduction
There is ongoing concern regarding the weight of children’s’ schoolbags and the negative consequences of such heavy loads on the developing spine. There is particular concern for the students in primary schools, as the spine is
References: 1) D.H.K. Chow et al. 2009, “Effects of backpack load placement on pulmonary capacities of normal schoolchildren during upright stance”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 39, pp. 703–707 2) D.H.K 3) Heuscher et al. 2010, “Backpack Weight and Low Back Pain Among College Students”, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics Volume 33, Number 6, pp. 432-437 4) K.G 5) M-l Goh, A Thambyah, K Bose. 1998, “Effects of varying backpack loads on peak forces in the lumbosacral spine during walking”, Clinical Biomechanics Vol. 13. Supplement No. 1, pp. S26-S31 6) S.A 7) S.N. Forjuoh, J.A. Schuchmann, L. Lane. 2004, “Correlates of heavy backpack use by elementary school children”, The Royal Institute of Public Health 118, pp. 532–535 8) T 9) T. Singh, M. Koh. 2009, “Lower limb dynamics change for children while walking with backpack loads to modulate shock transmission to the head”, Journal of Biomechanics 42, pp. 736–742 10) Y 11) Y. Hong, C.-K. Cheung. 2003, “Gait and posture responses to backpack load during level walking in children”, Gait and Posture 17, pp. 28 to 33 12) Y.S.S.M