Erikson's Stages Of Development

According to Erikson (1950), the primary crisis that will came across by an infant by the time he was born until 1-year old is the lack of basic trust, this might be happened due to the infant fail to receive feeding from his caregivers on time. Once the infant’s needs are not being satisfied in this stage, the infant will result in a mistrust and he will easily feel unsecured throughout his life (Erikson, 1959, as cited in McLeod, 2008). A sense of trust is very important towards the infant at this stage to ensure he can have enough trust towards the people around him as he grows. The virtue of hope could have established by the infants who successfully pass this stage.Children that grown up in single-parent family might experience less attachment
Failing in any of the above mentioned activities might cause the child to feel worthless and continue to grow with feelings of shame and doubt in himself. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of will. Research (e.g. Gruenewald, Kemeny, Najib, & Fahey, 2004) showed that an increasing in shame might bring down the level of one’s self esteem.Start from the age of 3, children have reached the third stage, which is also known as preschool stage of Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development and they would remain at this stage until the age of 5. The developmental crisis of this stage would be the feeling of guilt towards the children themselves if they fail to perform what the adults really act like as they are currently involved in the “social role identification” (Lambert & Kelley, 2011). However, if they can successfully imitate the adult’s action, they will develop a sense of initiative and this might reinforce the development of the children. Purpose is the virtue that will gained by children who success in this
Success in this stage will bring them towards the virtue of competence. On the opposite point of view, children will experience the sense of inferiority if they could not demonstrate the specific competencies when compared to other children due to peer pressures. Past research (e.g. Gilbert, McEwan, Bellew, Mills, & Gale, 2009) shown that inferiority might have an association with some mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and also stress. Erikson also proposed that adolescents were the main characters in the fifth stage of his psychosocial stages of development. Children of age 13 to 19 are more physically matured and psychologically independent. They would be more aware of the social system and identifying their own role as a future adult which this is also the stage where adolescents experience puberty. According to Erikson, adolescents will have the will to decide on their social identity, values, and beliefs as a normal adult they have seen from their