Essay On Ambulatory Care
Most ADRs that occur either in the hospital settings or ambulatory care are preventable. ADRs occur commonly in older outpatients with a reported prevalence ranging between 5% and 35%. 34 – 36 In the United States, ADR – related morbidity and mortality costs have been estimated at US $30 billion to US $ 13 billion annually 37, 38 which has increased up to $177.4 billion in the year 2000. 37 ADRs result in increased healthcare costs. These events have been shown to increase cost by $3,244 per ADR.39 Few studies have investigated costs associated with ADR– related hospital admissions. Some evidence suggests that ADRs related to hospital admissions are associated with higher rate of subsequent health services utilization and costs.40 Previous studies have found that those presenting with an ADR have a longer median hospital stay and a higher rate of subsequent outpatient health service use than those without ADRs.40, 41 A study in Canada found that hospital admissions due to ADRs in older patients cost an estimated US $35.7 million
…show more content…
annually.42 A landmark study in ambulatory patients in the USA found that every $1 spent on a drug, $1.13 was also being spent due to an ADR. 43, 44 Sparse data exists about the cost of adverse drug reactions in the ambulatory setting. One retrospective cohort study measured an increase in cost after an event at $1,310 for all adverse drug reactions and $1983 for preventable events.45 Most of the figures come from models and simulations rather than direct measurement.37, 46, 47 In a developing country like India, the coverage of insurance policies are limited and thus increasing out of pocket medical expenses resulting in economic burden.
Adverse drug reactions are common among elderly outpatients.
They have important consequences, and one – third of such events are preventable or ameliorable. Improvements in monitoring for and responding to symptoms appear to be especially important for the prevention of ADRs in this setting. In addition, improved communication between ambulatory care patients and their physicians may reduce the frequency of these events. It is clear that ADRs are a source of economic burden on patients, their care – givers and the health care systems that treat them. The majority of the ADRs are mild, however, in some untoward incidents these might be severe, life threatening and/ or fatal. Therefore, through pharmacovigilance (PV) activities, spontaneous reporting of ADRs and conducting observational studies are important tools for detection, assessment and prevention of ADRs, therefore reducing the financial burden of these
ADRs.
annually.42 A landmark study in ambulatory patients in the USA found that every $1 spent on a drug, $1.13 was also being spent due to an ADR. 43, 44 Sparse data exists about the cost of adverse drug reactions in the ambulatory setting. One retrospective cohort study measured an increase in cost after an event at $1,310 for all adverse drug reactions and $1983 for preventable events.45 Most of the figures come from models and simulations rather than direct measurement.37, 46, 47 In a developing country like India, the coverage of insurance policies are limited and thus increasing out of pocket medical expenses resulting in economic burden.
Adverse drug reactions are common among elderly outpatients.
They have important consequences, and one – third of such events are preventable or ameliorable. Improvements in monitoring for and responding to symptoms appear to be especially important for the prevention of ADRs in this setting. In addition, improved communication between ambulatory care patients and their physicians may reduce the frequency of these events. It is clear that ADRs are a source of economic burden on patients, their care – givers and the health care systems that treat them. The majority of the ADRs are mild, however, in some untoward incidents these might be severe, life threatening and/ or fatal. Therefore, through pharmacovigilance (PV) activities, spontaneous reporting of ADRs and conducting observational studies are important tools for detection, assessment and prevention of ADRs, therefore reducing the financial burden of these
ADRs.