“Without enrichment captive animals frequently experience a stress response similar to mental illness, which can cause animals to behave abnormally: for example, adopting repetitive, obsessive motions. These behaviours are called 'stereotypies' and indicate that an animal is in distress. 'Stereotypies' are obsessive, repetitive movements that have no natural purpose. Pacing, rocking, bar-biting, and self mutilation through excessive chewing, licking, self-biting or feather plucking are examples of 'stereotypies'. Stress, frustration, and boredom are believed to be major causes of this disturbed behaviour. These behaviours are signs that the animal is in distress”
“Without enrichment captive animals frequently experience a stress response similar to mental illness, which can cause animals to behave abnormally: for example, adopting repetitive, obsessive motions. These behaviours are called 'stereotypies' and indicate that an animal is in distress. 'Stereotypies' are obsessive, repetitive movements that have no natural purpose. Pacing, rocking, bar-biting, and self mutilation through excessive chewing, licking, self-biting or feather plucking are examples of 'stereotypies'. Stress, frustration, and boredom are believed to be major causes of this disturbed behaviour. These behaviours are signs that the animal is in distress”