Vol. 3 No. 18 [Special Issue – September 2012]
Ethical Work Climate in Ugandan Procuring and Disposing Entities: Implications for Leadership
Henry MUTEBI Department of Procurement and Logistics Management Makerere University Business School P.O. Box 1337, Kampala, Uganda. Patrick KAKWEZI Department of Procurement and Logistics Management Makerere University Business School P.O. Box 1337, Kampala, Uganda. Dr. Joseph M. NTAYI, PhD Department of Management science Makerere University Business School P.O. Box 1337, Kampala, Uganda.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethical work climate of Ugandan Procuring and Disposing Entities (PDEs). Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive research design was employed and data were collected from 89 PDEs out of 174 PDEs. Findings: Findings reveal that Uganda’s PDE’s ethical work climate is multidimensional, composed of caring, rules, efficiency, service and independence climate. These have both policy and managerial implications which we discuss. Research limitations: The study is limited by factors like the study being cross – sectional in nature and considered Central Government Entities and left out the Local Government Entities, which are also public. Future studies should consider being longitudinal in nature as well as extending to the Local Government Entities. Practical implications: Practical implication is that leadership in PDEs is the need to take a leading role in providing work climate that promote independence of procurement officers so as to improve on their ethical attitude. Originality: The paper contributes to literature on ethical work climate in public procurement.
Key wards: Ethical work climate, caring, rules, efficiency, service, independence climate Uganda, Procuring and Disposing Entities.
1.0 Background
Ethical work climate has been conceptualized by victor and Cullen (1988; Schneider, White, & Paul, 1998, p. 151) as
References: Ajzen, I. (1987). Attitudes, Traits, and Actions: Dispositional of Behaviour in Personality and Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press. , 1-63. Ajzen, I. (1991). Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes. "The Theory of Planned Behavoir.". 179-211. Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficay, Locus of Control and the Theory of planned Behavior. Journal of applied Social Psychology , 665-683. Akaah, I. p., & Daulatram, L. (1994). The Influence of Personal and Organizational Values on Marketing Prefessionals. Business Ethics , 417-430. Aljzen & Fishbein, (1980, 1975) The Theory of Reasoned Action. Aljzen, I. (1991). Organisational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Academic Press. Inc., 179 - 211. Aljzen, I. F. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Prentice-Hall, Englewood-Cliffs, NJ. and Managing Ethical Behavior in Business Organisations. Business Ethics , 233-242. Anssi, T., & Sanna, S. (2005). Subjective norms, attitudes and intentions of Finnish consumers in buying organic food. British Food , 808 - 822. Bank, W. (2004). "Main Findings and Recommendations." Country Procurement Assessment . Kampala Uganda.: World Bank Report. Barnett T. & Vaicys C.(2000), The moderating effect of individuals’ perceptions of ethical work climate on ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 27, 351-362. Blum, L. (1991). 'Moral perception and Particularity '. Etics , 701-725. Bucar, B., & Drnovsek, M. (2009). Ethical behavior construct: Measurement and Practical Implications. Faculty of Economics, University ofLjubljana, (pp. 1-29). Ljubljana. Butterfield, K. K.-T. (2000). "Moral awareness in Business Organizations: Influences of Issue-related and Social Context Factor". Human Relations , 981-1018. Craig, V., Shepard, J. M., & Zappe, S. M. (2006). An Examination of the Relationship between Ethical Work Climate and Moral Awareness. Business Ethical , 409-432. Deshpande, S. P. (1996). "Ethical Climate and the Link between Success and Ethical Behavior": An Emperical Investment of a Non-profit Organisation". Business Ethics , 315-20. E.Shafer, W. (2009). Ethical Climate, Organisational-professional Conflict and Organizational commitment,Astudy of Chinese auditors. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 1087-1110. Ferrell, O. a. (1978). "Ethical beliefs of Marketing Managers". Marketing , 69-73. Gammie, E., & and Gammie, B. (2009). The Moral Awareness of Future Accounting and Business Professionals; The Implications of a Gender Divide. Pacific Accounting Review, 48-73. Inspectorate of Government (2008). 3rd National Integrity Survey, Kampala. Jianyao, L., Dick, M., Alvin, L., & Liu., F. (2009). The Relationship between Attitude and Behaviour: An empirical study in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. , 232 - 242. Joseph, J., & Deshpande, S. P. (1997). "The Impact of Ethical Climate on Job Satisfaction of Nurses". . Health Care Management Review , 76. Loe, T., Ferrel, L., & and Mansfield, P. (2000). "A Review of Empirical Studies Assessing Ethical Decission Making". . Journal of Business Ethics , 185-204. Lori, N. K., & Timothy, P. C. (2005). Attitude toward Ethical Behavior in computer use: A shifting Model. Industrial Management & Data Systems , 1150 - 1171. 38 International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 18 [Special Issue – September 2012] Lumumba, O. M., Migwi, s. W., & Magutu., O. (2010). Taxpayers ' Attitudes and Tax Compliance Behavior in Kenya. Business Management , 1-11. Martin, K., & Cullen, J. (2006). Continuities and Extensions of Ethical Climate Theory: A Meta-analytic review. Business Ethics , 175-94. Newstrom, J. W., & Ruch, W. A. (1975). Marketing Ethics of Management and the Management of Ethics. MSU Business Topics , 31. Newstrom, J., & Ruch, W. (1975). The Ethics of Management and the Management of ethics. MSU Business Topics , 29-37. Ntayi, J., Beijuka, R., Mawanga, F., & Muliira, A. (2009). Percieved Workplace Descrimination, Instrumental Ethical Climate Psychological Wellness and Task Performance. E-Journal of Business and Economic Issues , IV (1). Ntayi, J., Byabashija, W., Eyaa, s., Ngoma, M., & Muliira, A. (2010). Social Cohesion, Group Think and Ethical Behaviour of Public Procurement Officers. Journal of Public procurement , 10 (1), 68-92. Okpara, O., & Wynn, P. (2008). The Impact of Ethical Climate on Job Satisfaction, and Commetment in NigeriaImplication for Management Development. Management Development , 935-950. Orly, S.L., & Zehava, R. (2010). School Ethical Climate and Teachers ' Voluntary absence. Educational Administration , 164-181. Osgood, c. E., Suci, G. J., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana: IL: University of Illinois Press. PPDA Report,(2005). Procurement and Disposal Audit Report for Uganda Electricity Transimission Company Limited. Kampala: Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority. PPDA. (2003). Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Asset Act . Kampala: PPDA. Report., C. P. (2004). "Main Findings and Recommendations". Kampala Uganda. Sambasivan, J. (2009). Performance Measure and Metrics for E-supply chains. Enterprise Information Management , 274-293. Sarah, S., R. scott, T., & Amanda, D.-E. (2009). The Effects of Ethical Climate On Group and Individual Level Deception in Negotiation. International Journal of Conflict , 287-308. Schneider B, the Psychological life of organizations. In N.M. Ashkanasay, C.P.M. Wilderon, & M. F. Peterson (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate (London: Sage Publications, Inc., pp. 21-36, 2000) Schneider, B. (1975). "Organizational Climate: an essay". Personnel Psychology , 135-51. Shafer, E. (2009). Ethical Climate, Organizational-Professional Conflict and Organizational Commitment. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability , 1087-1110. Stead, E. W., Worrel, D. L., & Stead, G. J. (1990). AnIintegrative Model for Understanding Steven, H. A., Kyle, J., & Mathieu, L. (2005). The Relationship of Ethical Climate to Deviant workplace Behaviour. . Corporate Governance , 43-55. Tarkianine, A., & Sundqvist, S. (2005). Subjective Norms, Attitudes and Intentions of Finnish Consumers in Buying Organic Food. British Food , 808-822. VanSandt, V. C. (2001). An examination of the relationship between ethical work climate and moral awareness. Blacksburg, Virginia. Vardi Y., The effects of organizational and ethical climates on misconduct at work. Journal of Business Ethics, 2001, 29, 325-337. Victor B. & Cullen J. B., The organizational bases of ethical work climate. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1988, 33(1), 101-125. Victor, B., & Cullen, J. (1988). "The Organisational Bases of Ethical Work Climate". Adminstrative Science Quartely , 101-125. Wambush, j., & Shepard, J. (1997a). An Empirical Examination of The Mult-demensinality of Ethical Climate in Organisations. Journal of Business Ethics , 67-77. Zehava, R., & Daniel, P. (2002). School Ethical Climate and Parental Involvement. Journal of Educational Administration , 349-367. 39