Ethics and Conducts

gyI  C  T P
V  E I + A

September 27, 2012

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O

R E I
Principle A: Bene cence & Non-male cence Principle B: Fidelity & Responsibility Principle C: Integrity Principle D: Justice Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights & Dignity Ethical Standards Ethical Dilemmas

T P

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O

R E I
Principle A: Bene cence & Non-male cence Principle B: Fidelity & Responsibility Principle C: Integrity Principle D: Justice Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights & Dignity Ethical Standards Ethical Dilemmas

T P

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R  L 

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De nitions of counselling and psychotherapy Delineation of the profession Major orientations

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O

R E I
Principle A: Bene cence & Non-male cence Principle B: Fidelity & Responsibility Principle C: Integrity Principle D: Justice Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights & Dignity Ethical Standards Ethical Dilemmas

T P

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W  E I

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Video Clip: In Treatment, Episode 1 Beyond techniques - what are psychologists’ professional obligations? What psychologists can and cannot do? Should and should not do?

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W  E II

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Professionals are expected to be competent in their services and to ensure that their fellow professionals are also providing competent services Trust

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W  E III

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Dictionary: ”a system of moral principles, rules of conduct” Most psychological societies have ”ethics code” that contains general and speci c principles which need to be taken into account by all members in work-related activities
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American Psychological Association Hong Kong Psychological Society British Psychological Society etc…

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R  F  E C

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Protect the client Provide a basis for accountability Educate counselling practitioners and the general public about the responsibilities of the profession Provide a basis for re ecting on and improving one’s professional practice

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T A: P  S

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General Principles: Aspirational goals
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To guide psychologists toward the highest ideals of psychology Striving for the optimum standards of conduct Rules for conduct of psychologists Minimal standards for counsellors / psychologists to act in compliance

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Ethical Standards: Enforceable rules (or Mandatory ethics)
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G P

A B C D E

HKPA Respect Competence Responsibility Integrity

APA Bene cence & Nonmale cence Fidelity & Responsibility Integrity Justice Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

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P A: B  N- I

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strive to bene t [their clients] and take care to do no harm safeguard the welfare and rights of [their clients] when con icts occur among psychologists’ obligations or concerns, they attempt to resolve these con icts in a responsible fashion that avoids or minimizes harm

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P A: B  N- II

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alert to and guard against personal, nancial, social, organizational or political factors that might lead to misuse of their in uence strive to be aware of the possible effect of their own physical and mental health on their ability to help those with whom they work

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P B: F  R I

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establish relationships of trust with [their clients] aware of their professional and scienti c responsibilities to society and to the speci c communities in which they work uphold professional standards of conduct, clarify their professional roles and obligations, accept appropriate responsibility for their behavior and seek to manage con icts of interest that could lead to exploitation or harm

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P B: F  R II

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consult with, refer to, or cooperate with other professionals and institutions to the extent needed to serve the best interests of [their clients] concerned about the ethical compliance of their colleagues’ scienti c and professional conduct strive to contribute a portion of their professional time for little or no compensation or personal advantage

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P C: I I

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promote accuracy, honesty and truthfulness in the …practice of psychology do not steal, cheat or engage in fraud, subterfuge or intentional misrepresentation of fact

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P C: I II

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strive to keep their promises and to avoid unwise or unclear commitments obligation to consider the need for, the possible consequences of, and their responsibility to correct any resulting mistrust or other harmful effects that arise from the use of [deception]

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P D: J

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recognize that fairness and justice entitle all persons to access to and bene t from the contributions of psychology and to equal quality in the processes, procedures and services being conducted by psychologists exercise reasonable judgment and take precautions to ensure that their potential biases, the boundaries of their competence and the limitations of their expertise do not lead to or condone unjust practices

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P E: R  P’ R  D I

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respect the dignity and worth of all people, and the rights of individuals to privacy, con dentiality, and self-determination aware that special safeguards may be necessary to protect the rights and welfare of persons or communities whose vulnerabilities impair autonomous decision making

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P E: R  P’ R  D II

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aware of and respect cultural, individual and role differences, including those based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language and socioeconomic status and consider these factors when working with members of such groups try to eliminate the effect on their work of biases based on those factors, and they do not knowingly participate in or condone activities of others based upon such prejudices

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E S

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Informed Consent Con dentiality Dual/Multiple Relationships Sexual Intimacies and more...

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I C

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Develop a (written) contract with the client Include: anticipated results, length of treatment, treatment objectives, therapeutic discipline, limits of con dentiality

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C

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the secrecy of information obtained in a relationship of trust between a psychologist and a client Basic Principle: Therapy is Con dential Limits of con dentiality. Consider:
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Under what circumstances con dentiality may be breached The determination of risk, harm or danger to others The determination of whom to inform or disclose information

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D/M R I

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refrains from entering into a multiple relationship if the multiple relationship could reasonably be expected to impair the psychologistss objectivity, competence, or effectiveness in performing his or her functions as a psychologist, or otherwise risks exploitation or harm to the person with whom the professional relationship exists. Multiple relationships that would not reasonably be expected to cause impairment or risk exploitation or harm are not unethical

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D/M R II

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No consensus regards the appropriate levels of self-disclosure of the psychologist to the client Depending on your theoretical orientation and approaches, and personal moral and values Basic principle is that disclosure should always be for the welfare of the client and self-disclosure should never be based on the psychologist’s needs or bene ts

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S I I

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do not engage in sexual intimacies with current therapy clients/patients. do not engage in sexual intimacies with individuals they know to be close relatives, guardians, or signi cant others of current clients/patients. do not terminate therapy to circumvent this standard do not accept as therapy clients/patients persons with whom they have engaged in sexual intimacies

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S I II

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do not engage in sexual intimacies with former clients/patients for at least two years after cessation or termination of therapy
Psychologists do not engage in sexual intimacies with former clients/patients even after a two-year interval except in the most unusual circumstances. Psychologists who engage in such activity after the two years following cessation or termination of therapy and of having no sexual contact with the former client/patient bear the burden of demonstrating that there has been no exploitation, in light of all relevant factors, including (1) the amount of time that has passed since therapy terminated; (2) the nature, duration, and intensity of the therapy; (3) the circumstances of termination; (4) the client�s/patient�s personal history; (5) the client’s/patient’s cur- rent mental status; (6) the likelihood of adverse impact on the client/patient; and (7) any statements or actions made by the therapist during the course of therapy suggesting or inviting the possibility of a posttermination sexual or romantic relationship with the client/patient. (See also Standard 3.05, Multiple Relationships.)

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E D I

Examples: . A client tells you he wants to commit suicide and has a plan to do it but does not want you to tell anyone. He threatens to sue you if you break con dentiality... (from Gelso & Fretz, 2001)

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E D II

. You are the only female psychologist in a rural county’s mental health centre. You have a list of eight persons who have been waiting up to 3 months to see you. A new client comes to the clinic in a highly agitated state of depression and insists on seeing a female psychologist because ”no men are to be trusted”... (from Gelso & Fretz, 2001)

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E D III

. You work at a group practice and a patient, not your own, locks herself in the toilet and starts to cut her wrist. You don’t know her health / mental health status or history...

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E D IV

. autonomy vs. bene cence . justice vs. non-male cence . ???

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V  M I

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Are these principles and ethical standards universal and categorically good? What would you do if they do not align with your own value system and morals? Is there a need for diversity? Even sociopolitical?

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O

R E I
Principle A: Bene cence & Non-male cence Principle B: Fidelity & Responsibility Principle C: Integrity Principle D: Justice Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights & Dignity Ethical Standards Ethical Dilemmas

T P

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T P I

Three Parts: . Autobiography . Interview your father or a father gure (Due 17/10) . Interview a stranger of a different cultural background Final due date: Friday 23/11, 5pm

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T P II

To Do: . If you haven’t already done so, read Rogers On Becoming A Person Chapters 1 . Write out, in your native language, twenty statements starting ”I am …” . Read textbook Chapters 2, 3, & 4

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