Eukaryotic Cells Compare And Contrast

Eukaryotic cells were known to have many differences in structure and content with prokaryotic cells – exclusive organelles that can only be found in eukaryotic cells. Presumably, it was thought that eukaryotic cells have a more complex structure, whereas prokaryotes have fairly simple. Modern technology and understanding of differences between these two types of cells may help scientists to propose new hypotheses on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells origins.
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have more differences than similarities. To start comparing these two cell types, similarities between them should be noted. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are bound by a lipoprotein membrane, which separates the cell's inside from outside. This way cells
Prokaryotic Cell). Eukaryotes have large, true organelles that are bound by membranes, they are. The fundamental difference of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence or absence of a cellular nucleus, which gives these cell types its names: "prokaryot" means "before nucleus" (without a nucleus) and "eukaryot" means " true nucleus" (with a nucleus). The nucleus is a membrane-bounded organelle, that is present only in eukaryotic cells, which separates genetic material from the cytoplasm. In contrast, chromosomal DNA in a prokaryotic cell can move freely within it (Wikipedia, Cell nucleus). Nucleus, along with centrosome, gives eukaryotic cells the ability to undergo a mitosis process. This is the way eukaryotes can replicate themselves into two genetically identical cells (Wikipedia, Mitosis). Contrastingly, prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and a centrosome, so they usually reproduce by binary fission. Comparing the speed of these processes, prokaryotic cells can reproduce many times faster than a eukaryotic cell. It takes a relatively more time for a eukaryotic cell to prepare for a division (Julita (2011), Difference Between Mitosis and Binary
One of the hypotheses concludes, that mitochondria can be a sign of evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes (Palmer, J. (2017), 'It Takes Teamwork: How Endosymbiosis Changed Life on Earth'). According to this hypothesis, mitochondrias evolved from prokaryotic symbionts that had been using oxygen for respiration during endosymbiosis process. This way these respirating bacterias were reducing the concentration of oxygen in the cytoplasm of a host cell and producing energy for it. At the same time, host cell had been able to develop a membrane around its genetic material. (REF) Mitochondrias produce a large amount of energy needed for all synthesis/degradation processes in the cell, such as protein degradation and synthesis