Europeans transformed earlier patterns of commerce by participating in new networks of exchange, such as the silver trade. This trade network “gave birth to a genuinely global network of exchange” (679) by connecting many parts of the world. The silver trade was also the “first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia” (680). Europeans, specifically the Portuguese and the Spanish, also assimilated into older patterns by attempting to participate in (and control) a major trade network: the Indian Ocean commerce.…
• As in the previous chapter, this time period witnessed a tremendous growth in long-distance trade due to improvements in technology. Trade through the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean, the trans-Saharan trade route, and the Mediterranean Sea led to the spread of ideas, religions, and technology. During the period known as Pax Mongolia, when peace and order were established in Eurasia due to the vast Mongol Empire, trade and cultural interaction were at their height.…
During the 600s to the 1450s, trading was mostly done by land. There were long-distance trading occurring then, but not as much sea travel and ocean trade routes as in the 1450s to 1750s time period. The post-classical period (600-1450) included the long-distance trade from the European to the African kingdoms. However, there wasn’t any constant trading happening between the eastern and western hemisphere. On the other side, during the time frame after this (1450-1750), trading was constant with the western and eastern hemispheres now connected by sea-based travel. World trade patterns where happening due to the Atlantic Ocean trade eventually crossing of the Pacific Ocean. Trading began with small items and grew to even humans, slaves. Trade routes influenced the cultures and belief systems back then also. Connections between different people brought both positive and negative effects. Technology also improved because of necessary traveling items.…
Between 600 and 1450 CE., trade and exchange continually remained important and influential in around Eurasia and as well as in the Mexica society. Trade and exchange were main ideas that were both useful and necessary for success during this time. In Eurasia the use of the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean were both used as important trade routes. The Monsoons in the Indian Ocean were able to widen their agricultural standpoint allowing them to trade internally not only with their new goods but also with specific regions and their goods. In the Mexica society, surrounding territories had to pay a tribute to the Aztec capital and also had traded with surrounding areas. In the Islamic empires, goods such as cotton and spices were traded which were a continuous trade, in addition to the use of the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean, however, this led to new inventions, which then created the Aztec empire and later the crusades.…
The Roman Empire was very significant during this time and other regions of Europe started following in their traditions in the church and in their government.…
Europeans traded with Asians long before the Early Modern World. The Crusades introduced Europeans to many luxury goods from Asia, carried on complex overland routes through the Mongol empire. The trading center of the world was the Mediterranean Sea which was a link between three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. The Black Death and the breakup of the Mongol empire disrupted the trade. By the 1400s, though, Europe’s population was growing, along with the demand for trade…
The Mediterranean Sea had been the focus of European trade with other parts of the world for over 2000 years. In fact, until about the year 1500, the Atlantic Ocean had been a barrier, for Europeans. After 1492, this focus shifted to the Atlantic Ocean by routes south around the Cape of Good Hope, and by trans-Atlantic trade. European discoveries of new land meant an increase in commercial activity of the society from which the discoverer comes. Until then, most trading and manufacturing originated from Asia. The opening of the Atlantic introduced more sources and markets having a positive effect on European commerce. On a more specific level, the role of internal commerce in France, England, and the Spanish kingdoms exponentially. As Europeans recovered from the shock of the plague, the part of commerce and industry in the economy started to grow, particularly during the fifteenth century. This had…
There were countless political, social and economic events that unfolded in the Middle Ages that could be said to be the roots of the Modern European Era...; such as the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War, the Great Schism, the Reformation of the Church, peasant rebellions, so on and so forth. However, most all of these events were the seeds of broader effects. They brought on such values as Capitalism, Nationalism, Humanism, the rise of the middle class. The events early events in the Middle Ages such as the Black Plague and Great Schism also started to waver people's ideas of religion, causing doubt in the church, and a rather dogmatic system beliefs in religion, focusing on doing good purely to attain salvation. Eventually, through cause and effect reformations, began to take place, including Erasmus, Christian Humanists, Zwingli, Calvin, Martin Luther, etc. who all heavily impacted different branches of Christianity in the Modern Era. These new differences in religion also gave a sense of Nationalism. Roots of Modern Europe lie in the Middle Ages, as well as the Classical period of time. The Roman/Greek ideals were becoming popular once more…
After the fall of Rome, no single state or government united the people who lived on the European continent. Instead, the Catholic Church became the most powerful influence of the medieval period. Kings, queens…
Throughout the period 200 BCE to 1450 CE, the Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes connecting the Western and Eastern Empires that were central to cultural diffusion through areas of the Asian continent. The Silk Road played an extremely important role in the growth of trade and the exchanging of culture, language, ideas, and religion. During this time period in Western Europe many changes took place, however the main purpose of the Silk Road stayed intact. In 200 BCE, Western Europe relied heavily on trade with Chinese merchants which supported the growth of both cultures. Over time, Western Europe and Asia became increasingly infatuated with the new luxuries exposed to them through the Silk Road, resulting in the shaping of each culture.…
Asian goods were traded with European merchants along the Silk Road and vice versa. In particular, spices from Asia, which were traded with most wealthy empires, particularly Europe, fueled Asia’s economy. These spices were wanted by the Europeans constantly and elaborated the importance of the Silk Road. During the Post-Classical period, many countries like Portugal and Spain, tried to take control of the Spice trade. Although unsuccessful, it shows the importance of the spice trade to the Silk Roads. The spice trade created an economic boom in Asia and every other country wanted that leading to wars and a race to find the quickest route to Asia. Furthermore, Asia’s economy, specifically China’s economy, was dependent on the money from trade on the Silk Road, regardless the type of goods that were traded to fuel their economy. Likewise, Asian trades drove Europe’s…
Multiple systems of trade were introduced to the world by different people from diverse countries which made their communities more connected. They led to new theories, battles,…
During the High Middle Ages, Western Europe developed one of the most impressive and successful civilizations the world had yet seen. One might have thought it was a civilization destined to continue essentially unchanged for centuries. But that's not what happened. In the 14th century, a series of disasters shook Western European civilization to its foundations, eventually forcing major changes in Europe.…
According to Smith, Saison, and Segal the word attachment is defined as the deep connection established between a child and caregiver that profoundly affects that child’s development and their ability to express emotions and develop relationships (Help.org). Whereas attachment is easily defined it isn’t so easy to define attachment disorders. Experts have not agreed on a definition for the term “attachment disorder,” but Newman and Mares state that the American Psychiatric Association defines the term “reactive attachment disorder” as “markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness in most contexts that begin before age 5 years and is associated with grossly pathological care” (“Recent Advances”). RAD, also known as reactive attachment disorder, was first described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) –III in 1980 (Medscape). Understanding attachment and reactive attachment disorders in young children is very important in order for the parents or caregiver to realize the symptoms and help the child to work through the behaviors they have and to help them get the therapy needed to build healthy relationships and attachments. If there is neglect in the emotional bonds between the caregiver and the child, the child can develop an attachment disorder. Also if a child does not get the adequate amount of food needed or adequate positive physical touch then they can become unattached. It is important that caregivers understand that children need security help prevent them from becoming unattached. This is done through love and nurturing.…
During European economic expansion between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries, the Roman Empire city system was essentially rebuilt across the globe, resulting in a commercial trading market with the African coast, Middle East and Asia. Cities became political, religious, commercial and cultural centers, and a class system based on land-ownership soon began to flourish.…