Giavazzi, Alberto Alesina and Francesco. "The Future of Europe: Reform or Decline." (2006): 15-30. Cambridge and London: MIT Press.…
References: Archick, K 2015, ‘The European Union: questions and answers’, Congressional Research Service, p. 4.…
The European Union is a political and economic Union, which is collectively made up of twenty-eight European countries. The intention of the European Union is to foster economic and political cooperation between the member states, and “to make war not only unthinkable, but materially impossible.” (Schuman Doctrine) The belief of the European Union is that by promoting trade and interdependence between the member states, it will not only make them less likely to engage in war with each other, but it will also be against their best interests both politically and economically. Today, the European Union collectively possesses the world’s largest economy, is home to the world’s third largest population, and is the world’s largest exporter and…
Today, as an economic union, the EU allows free movement of labour, trade and capital. This provides greater economic interdependence between the member countries and therefore greater economic security, key to sustainable growth. Furthermore, the EU shares common economic and political…
During the financial crisis, some members of the European Union viewed this crisis as an American phenomenon (Jackson 2009). But this view that people had, has changed as the EU has declined at a very fast pace. Matters went worse when the global trade started to decline sharply when it started eroding prospects for European exports giving safety valve for local industries that are reducing output (Gojinetchi 2012). Moreover the rise in unemployment and having a lot of concerns over the growing financial turmoil, are making the political stakes to increase for the EU government and for the leaders (Nanto 2009). The more the economic crisis persist the more will pressure mount on the governments…
The European Union is an economic union consisting of 27 member states. To make a free market and remove trade barriers between member states are the ultimate aim of European Union (Hill p289). Among these ,17 nations are members of the ‘Eurozone’, distributing a currency with the purpose of further assimilating economic systems and plummeting trade obstacles caused by international currency conversion . As a member in Eurozone ,their fundamental goal is to maintain harmony because they have to depend on each other and their economy are interrelated.…
It is the European integration of the previous years that has in fact led to the current European crisis and as a result, the European integration would have to be redefined so as not to fall into the same traps of past years. (More stringent rules of accession to the EU, such as stricter public deficit limits, more powers of sanctions from the EU commission to member states etc…). We will explore in a first part how the European integration was conceived and orchestrated pre-crisis, the rules of accession established by the different treaties, as well as the single currency process, then we will go through a brief outline of the crisis as well as the reasons of the whole crisis we are in, to finally address the problem and attempt a redefinition of the European integration process.…
Consolidated version of the treaty on European Union. (2010). Office Journal of the European Union, 115(17), 13-44.…
1. Why was the European Union created? Are these goals still matching the actual needs of the Union? In 1795, German philosopher Immanuel Kant wrote in his famous essay Towards a Perpetual Peace that the ‘the spirit of commerce sooner or later takes hold of every people 1 and it cannot exist side by side with war’ . In the case of the European states this spirit has been able to manifest itself through the evolutionary creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC) and finally the European Union (EU), through the Treaty of Paris (1951) and the Treaties of Rome (1957), Maastricht (1992) and finally Lisbon (2007). The ECSC was created in the wake of Europe’s need to rebuild as a primarily economic cooperative focused on the resources of the British occupied Ruhr Valley. Initially evolving into a union to promote trade by abandoning internal tariffs, the EU quickly evolved into an entity looking to safeguard prosperity and peace across its member states by broadening the cooperative spirit of trade into a more political union. While this purpose continues to act as the foundation of the EU’s purpose and ability to act, the shifting geopolitical landscape and the emergence of the EU as the single largest trading bloc in the world – endowed with the power to expand geographically – require the EU to go beyond its initial purpose to serve as a relevant actor on the world stage. th As the European Union continues to expand – planning to add its 28 member, Croatia, in July of 2013 – it is expanding into a region where its founding purpose will be very much needed and relevant. The Balkans experienced continuous political instability and conflict between the onset of the Yugoslav Wars in 1991 and the declaration of Montenegro’s independence in 2006. Adding a second former Yugoslavian territory to the Union will help to incentivise neighbouring countries to align their policies to the EU’s as they gear up their own membership…
Course Introduction Lecturers: Jaap Verheul and Maurits Rost Lecture 1: Introduction to European Politics and Economy Lecturer: Maurits Rost Reading: TBA Seminar 1 Lecturers: Maurits Rost, Pepijn van Haren, Matté Hartog Reading: TBA Lecture 2: Human and Economic Geography in Europe Lecturer: TBA Reading: TBA Self Study Lecture 3: The Structure and Decision Making Process of the European Union Lecturer: TBA Reading: TBA Seminar 2 Lecturers: Maurits Rost, Pepijn van Haren, Matté Hartog Reading: TBA Excursion to Brussels (Belgium) Lecturers: Maurits Rost, Pepijn van Haren, Matté Hartog !Bring your passport! 08.00 Departure 11.00‐12.30: Visit to the European Parlement 12.30‐13.30: Lunchtime/ Walk through the ‘European Quarter’ 14.30‐16.00: Visit to the European Committee of the Regions 16.00: Pick up and return to Utrecht Lecture 4: Core Issues in European Politics Lecturer: Maurits Rost Reading: TBA Self‐study…
While the European Union was originally made as a project to unite European nations against the possibility of future wars, the initial focus of the Union was on trade and economic union. However, as more and more nations joined and its mandate expanded in scope, an incongruity between popular democratic representation and expansion has developed. ‘Democratic deficit is a concept used principally in the argument that the European Union and its various bodies suffer from a lack of democracy and seem inaccessible to the ordinary citizen because their methods of operating are so complex.’…
Bibliography: Radaelli, Claudio M., ‘Europeanisation: Solution or Problem, European Integration online Papers’ (EIoP), Vol. 8, No. 16. [OnlineAvailable at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=601163, Date Accessed: 27/10/2013, 1:15pm…
The old Europe as we use to know has become the European Union with 27 members and over 500 million citizens.…
Since the beginning of monetary integration ideologies throughout European member states, there have been numerous movements which have contributed to the state of Economic Monetary Union the EU finds itself in today: with a single currency, a single market and competing with the American Dollar. One of the contributing movements which helped build towards greater monetary integration, was the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). Growing from the Maastricht Treaty (1992), it was introduced mainly to insure that member states maintained budgetary discipline after the introduction of the single currency. It built upon criteria that was agreed in the Maastricht Treaty, and was agreed and formed in the Amsterdam Council meeting (1997). This essay will firstly address some of the former monetary integration ideologies, and give a brief history of the movements which lead to Economic Monetary Union (EMU) within member states. Then it will give a short indication and description of how the Stability and Growth Pact works. It will also discuss why it was introduced, and some of the reasons for its so called “failure”.…
Cultural Differences : Individualism and Collectivism The many cultures of the world differ in a great variety of ways. One of the most interesting ways in which cultures vary is in the extent to which they are "individualistic" or "collectivistic." An individualist society and a collectivist society are different in many ways. In an individualistic culture, each person tends to think of himself or herself in terms of his or her own characteristics and preferences-the things that make the person unique or different from others. In a collectivistic culture, each person tends to think of himself or herself in terms of his or her social relationships and roles-the things that make the person a part of a larger group, such as an extended family or an ethnic group. Another difference between individualist and collectivist cultures involves the tendency to help others. In an individualist society, people feel some obligation to help persons who share some group identity-such as their distant relatives, or persons from the same town-but this obligation is not nearly as strong as in collectivist cultures. On the other hand, people in collectivist cultures tend to feel very little inclination to help other people who do not belong to their groups, whereas people in individualist cultures are more often willing to help others even if they do not belong to the same group. Another difference between individualist and collectivist cultures involves the relationship between people and the groups to which they belong. In an individualist culture, people usually join or leave groups when it is in their personal interest to do so. In a collectivist culture, people usually stay with one group for a long time. For example, people in individualist societies are more willing to quit their job, and take a new job at another company. People in collectivist societies usually prefer to stay with one company throughout their career. Similarly, people in individualist…