European Union: An Attempt at Integration

Europe’s Early History
Minoan and Early Greek Civilization

Define: Peninsula | Is a piece of land that is bordered by water on three sides but connected to the mainland | Minoans | Was a bronze-aged civilization that arose on the island of Crete and came to dominate the shores and islands of the Aegean Sea | Crete | Largest and most populous of the Greek isle | Mycenaeans | Was a cultural period of Bronze Age Greece taking its name from the archaeological site of Mycenae in northeastern Argolis, in the Peloponnese of southern Greece | Mycenae my-see-nee | An Archaeological site in Greece, located about 90 Km southwest of Athens, in the north-eastern Peloponnese Argos is 11 km south | Dorians | One of the four major Greek into which the Ancient Greeks, or Hellenes, of the classical period considered themselves divided along with the Aeolians, Achaeans and Lonians | Colony | Is a territory under the immediate political control of state | Polis | Literally means city in Greek. It could also mean citizenship and body of citizens. | Agora | Was a central point in ancient Greek city-states | | | | |
ADD THREE PICTURES FROM MINOAN CIVILIZATION (ERASE THIS PROMPT WHEN FINISHED)
Important People: Agamemnon | | Minos | |

Notes:
Geography:
* Mountainous peninsula surrounded by warm water Seas * Ancient Greeks made a living off the seas * Rocky terrain and soil not suitable for growing crops * Mountains and seas divided the Ancient Greeks from one another
Minoans:
* Crete- an island southeast of Greek mainland * Minoans- not Greeks; civilization was the first to arise in the are of Greece * Knossos- capital city * Made their wealth from trade * By 2000 bc, Minoan ships controlled the eastern Mediterranean sea. * By 1450, Minoan civilization suddenly collapsed
Mycenaens:
* Orginally from central Asia- invaded mainland in 1900 Bc * Leaders became the first Greek kings * Warriors became nobles that ruled over the conquered natives * Mycenae- one of the walled palaces * Mycenean Kingdoms 1. Centerpiece was a fortified palace on a hill 2. Beyond palace walls lay large farms 3. Collected Wheat, livestock and honey as taxes and stored in palace.
Power from trade and war: * Learned much from Minoan traders 1. Bronze working and ship building 2. Navigation of the seas 3. Worshiped the Earth Mother- Minoans chief goddess * 1400 BC- Mycenaeans replaced the Minoans as major power * Trojan War- their most accomplished victory

Greek Dark Ages-
1200 Bc- Myceneans in trouble; earth quakes and fighting destroy
1100Bc- Mycenaens civilization had collapsed
1100-750 BC- Greek dark ages, trade slowed
Population shift- many Greeks left mainland and settled on islands or moved to Turkey

Dorians: * Group of people that settle in Peloponnesus during Dark Ages * Brought iron weapons and farm tools * Gradually people began to farm again to produce surplus for trade * Adopted alphabet writing from the Phoenicians * 24 letters * Made reading and writing Greek simpler

Move to Colonize: * Move to Colonize * As population increased after Dark Age, growing enough food was a challenge * Cities began sending people to colonies to make food * 750-550 BC- Greeks streamed to the coasts of Italy, France, Spain, North Africa, and West Asia * Greek culture spreads even further * 600 BC- Greeks begin minting coins for trade-increased trade even more

The Polis: * Wealthy landowners over threw the Greeks kings- city states created * City states were called Polis * Main gather place was a hill * Fortified area called an Acropolis stood at the top of the hill * Safe refuge in case of attacks * A religious center as well * Agora- an open area that served as a market and a place for open discourse

Greek Citizenship: * City-states were run by its citizens * Citizens- members of a political community who treat each other as equal and have rights and responsibility * Subjects- have no right, no say government, and no choice but to obey their rulers * Greeks first to develop idea of citizenship * Greek Citizens- free, native born men who owned land

The Ancient Greeks

Define: Tyrant (Greece) | | Parthenon | | Oligarchy | | Democracy | | Sparta | | Athens | | Battle of Marathon | | Peloponnesian War | | Greco-Persian War | | Delian League | | Delos | | Direct Democracy | | Philosophers | | Myth | | Oracle | | Epic | | Fable | | Drama | | Greek Tragedy | | Greek Comedy | |

ADD THREE PICTURES FROM GREEK CIVILIZATION (ERASE THIS PROMPT WHEN FINISHED)
Important People: Plutarch | | Solon | | Peisistratus | | Cleisthenes | | Socrates | | Plato | | Homer | | Herodotus | | Pericles | | Aesop | | Sophocles | | Euripides | | | | | |
Notes:

Alexander the Great and Hellenistic Civilization

Define: Macedonia | | Alexandria | | Legacy | | Hellenistic Era | |

ADD THREE PICTURES FROM GREEK CIVILIZATION (ERASE THIS PROMPT WHEN FINISHED)
Important People: Philip II | | Alexander the Great | | | | | |
Notes:

The Romans

Define: Latins | | Etruscans | | Republic | | Patricians | | Plebians | | Tribunes | | Forum | | Senate (Rome) | | Dictators (Rome) | | Legion | | Punic Wars | | Triumvirate | | Pax Romana | | Denarius | | Gladiator | | Pantheon | | Germanic Tribes | | Greco-Roman Culture | | Aqueducts | | Byzantine Empire | |

ADD THREE PICTURES FROM GREEK CIVILIZATION (ERASE THIS PROMPT WHEN FINISHED)
Important People: Julius Caesar | | Augustus Caesar | | Virgil | | Constantine | | | |
Notes: