Evolution of Managment Theories
THE EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES
Historical Background of Management • Mgt’s origin not clearly traced in history. However, it would not be wrong to say that it is as old as the origin of human beings. • Modern mgt began in the late 19th c. • Orgns were seeking ways to better satisfy customer needs. • Machinery was changing the way goods were produced. • Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix. • Planning, organizing, leading and controlling became necessary.
Early Management Theories • Early Theories of Orgns emerged mainly from military and Catholic Church. The symbol of the machine was dominant, where orgns are viewed as machines. Therefore, the organizational application was, since workers behave predictably, management knows what to expect, and workers operating outside expectations are replaced.
Modern mgt is the collaboration of people and machines to create value. In the early days of industrialization the innovators of machines and the innovators of organization and management were engineers. Engineers, after all, were the ones closest to the machines, and this fact placed them at the interaction of workers and machines. This certainly helps explain Frederick Taylor and his invention of "Scientific Management".
CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES ▪ Emerged in the early part of the 20th c. ▪ Models were military and the Catholic Church. ▪ Features • Strict CONTROL of workers • Absolute CHAINS of COMMAND • PREDICTABILITY of behavior • UNIDIRECTIONAL downward influence
There are 3 well-established theories of classical mgt: • Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management, • Fayol’s Administrative Theory, • Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy.
However, Fayol’s Administrative Theory and Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy emphasize development of managerial principles rather than work methods.
1. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Historical Background of Management • Mgt’s origin not clearly traced in history. However, it would not be wrong to say that it is as old as the origin of human beings. • Modern mgt began in the late 19th c. • Orgns were seeking ways to better satisfy customer needs. • Machinery was changing the way goods were produced. • Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix. • Planning, organizing, leading and controlling became necessary.
Early Management Theories • Early Theories of Orgns emerged mainly from military and Catholic Church. The symbol of the machine was dominant, where orgns are viewed as machines. Therefore, the organizational application was, since workers behave predictably, management knows what to expect, and workers operating outside expectations are replaced.
Modern mgt is the collaboration of people and machines to create value. In the early days of industrialization the innovators of machines and the innovators of organization and management were engineers. Engineers, after all, were the ones closest to the machines, and this fact placed them at the interaction of workers and machines. This certainly helps explain Frederick Taylor and his invention of "Scientific Management".
CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES ▪ Emerged in the early part of the 20th c. ▪ Models were military and the Catholic Church. ▪ Features • Strict CONTROL of workers • Absolute CHAINS of COMMAND • PREDICTABILITY of behavior • UNIDIRECTIONAL downward influence
There are 3 well-established theories of classical mgt: • Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management, • Fayol’s Administrative Theory, • Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy.
However, Fayol’s Administrative Theory and Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy emphasize development of managerial principles rather than work methods.
1. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT