Exam 1 Review

________ cavities are spaces between bones.
D) Synovial

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
B) break down of glycogen into individual glucose molecules
C

A long chain of simple sugars would be a:
A) polysaccharide.

Which of the following statements is most correct of homeostatic imbalance?
C) It is considered the cause of most diseases.

The figure below represents a nucleic acid. In humans, the majority of it is synthesized by aerobic cellular respiration. It is the ultimate source of energy for biochemical reactions in a cell. .

A) ATP

A. Anaphase | B. Telophase | C. Metaphase | D. Late prophase | E. Early prophase |

B Chromosomes decoil to form chromatin.
E Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.
A Chromosomal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
C Chromosomes align on the spindle equator.
D Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of this polysaccharide:
B) glycogen.

Mitochondria:
B) contain some of the code necessary for their own duplication.

Human cells have a pH range of ________.
D) 7.35 - 7.45

Globular proteins:
B) exhibit tertiary structure.

Which of the following would best describe potential energy?
D) glucose being stored in a glycogen molecule

Why is water a good solvent?
D) because it is strictly made of covalent bonds

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
D) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

Which of the following is a concept of the cell theory?
D) A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is the:
C) tRNA.

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon.
A) UCG

The term used to describe the type of solution in which cells will lose water to their environment is
C) hypertonic

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?
C) The cells will lose water and shrink.

Which of the following best defines the atomic weight?
C) an average of the relative weights of all isotopes of an element, taking into account their relative abundance in nature

DNA replication:
D) takes place during interphase of the cell cycle.

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except:
A) palms turned posteriorly.
B) arms at sides.
C) thumbs pointed laterally.
D) body erect.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion?
A) The greater the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.

A parasagittal plane is:
D) any sagittal plane except the median.

Your appendix would lie in which quadrant?
B) RLQ

A vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, is called:
D) sagittal.

Salts are always:
D) ionic compounds.

The endomembrane system is:
B) an interactive system of organelles whose membranes are physically or functionally connected.

Match the following:

A. Ribosomes | B. Nucleoli | C. Microtubules | D. Nucleus | E. Endoplasmic reticulum |

E Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins.
B Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.
A The actual site of protein synthesis.
C Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.
D Houses DNA and RNA.

Which of the following would best reflect the status of a patients homeostasis?
A) measuring their blood pressure
B) all of the above
C) monitoring their respiratory rate
D) taking their temperature

The posterior side of the patella would be called:
A) popliteal.

Which body cavity contains the pleural and pericardial cavities?
A) thoracic cavity

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a ________ reaction.
C) dehydration or condensation synthesis

The Figure below represents a model of the operation of a G protein-linked receptor. Use this figure to match the following.

B Receptor protein
A Ligand
D G protein
E Cyclic AMP
C Enzyme

The functions of centrioles include:
A) organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division.

A horizontal section through the body is called:
C) transverse.

Hydrochloric acid is added drop by drop to a beaker of water. The pH of the beaker is monitored and the pH is found to be changing rapidly. This is because
C) water is a poor buffer

Passive membrane transport processes include:
C) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient.

Subdivisions of anatomy include:
C) gross, regional, systemic, and surface.

In the maintenance of the cell resting membrane potential:
D) the steady state involves only passive processes.

Select the most correct statement regarding the glycocalyx.
C) It involves highly specific biological markers on the surface of the cell.

Some hormones enter cells via:
A) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?
D) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.

A property of water that allows us to be in the sun on a hot summer day without having our blood boil quickly or our bodies heat up fast is:
D) high heat capacity (specific heat)

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers"?
A) Cyclic AMP and calcium are second messengers.

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?
B) liver

Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation?
A) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it.

Membrane junctions that allow nutrients or ions to flow from cell to cell are
A) gap junctions

Histology could be defined as a study of:
D) tissues.

A chain of 25 amino acids would be called a:
C) peptide.

Cells are composed mainly of:
D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen.

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is very important in maintaining blood pH in humans. When a child holds his or her breath longer than a minute, carbon dioxide dissolves in the water portion of the blood forming carbonic acid and the hydrogen ion concentration (H+) begins to rise. To maintain normal physiological pH what happens?
C) hydrogen ions (H+) react with carbonic acid forming bicarbonate ions

A. Nonpolar covalent bond | B. Ionic bond | C. Hydrogen bond | D. Polar covalent bond |

C type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.
B bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
A bond in which electrons are equally shared.
D bond in which electrons are shared unequally.

A. Digestive | B. Endocrine | C. Respiratory | D. Cardiovascular | E. Urinary |

C Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.
B Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary.
E Kidneys, bladder, ureters.
D Arteries, veins, heart.
A Esophagus, large intestine, rectum.

Mutations may be caused by
A) certain chemicals
B) all of these
C) radiation from ionizing radioisotopes
D) X rays

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be an example of:
A) responsiveness.

Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.
B) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C nucleotides.

A red blood cell placed in pure water would:
B) swell and burst.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains:
A) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits.

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be:
B) UGCAA.

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be:
A) enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin.

Acids
C) release protons (H+) when dissolved in water

A physiologist observes that the concentration of sodium inside a cell is decidedly lower than that outside the cell. Yet sodium does diffuse easily across the plasma membrane of such cells when they are dead., but not when they are alive. Which of the following terms applies best to this cellular function that is lacking in dead cells?
A) active transport (solute pumping)

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?
C) Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?
C) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

Phospholipids:
A) are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature.
.

A gene can best be defined as:
C) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain.

________ is a suspension.
D) Blood

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane:
D) lining the thoracic cavity.

________ is the specific name for hip.
B) Coxal

The genetic information is coded in DNA by:
D) the sequence of DNA nucleotides.

Cholesterol is used in the cell membrane to:
C) help make the membrane more flexable.
.

A vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior, is called:
B) frontal.

Lysosomes:
A) contain acid hydrolases that are potentially dangerous to the cell.

A patient has stopped eating and is experiencing frequent colds. The patient is suffering from a protein deficiency and more specifically from a deficiency of
B) essential amino acids

Normal body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.
D) 37

The plasma membrane (cell membrane) is:
A) the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell.

The RNA species that carries the coded message, specifying the sequence of amino acids in the protein to be made from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is
A) mRNA

The term pollex refers to the:
A) thumb.

|
Crenation is an example of:
D) blood cells in a hypertonic solution.

A nerve cell and a lymphocyte are presumed to differ in their specialized structure

An important chemical reaction in living systems in which food fuels are catabolized for energy (ATP is produced) is described as a
D) oxidation-reduction reaction (redox reaction)