Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Exhaust Gas Recirculation 1. INTRODUCTION
All internal combustion engines generate power by creating explosions using fuel and air. These explosions occur inside the engine's cylinders and push the pistons down, which turns the crankshaft. Some of the power thus produced is used to prepare the cylinders for the next explosion by forcing the exhaust gases out of the cylinder, drawing in air (or fuel-air mixture in non-diesel engines), and compressing the air or fuel-air mixture before the fuel is ignited.
Fig 1. Working of four stroke engine.
There are several differences between diesel engines and non-diesel engines. Nondiesel engines combine a fuel mist with air before the mixture is taken into the cylinder, while diesel engines inject fuel into the cylinder after the air is taken in and compressed. Non-diesel engines use a spark plug to ignite the fuel-air mixture, while diesel engines use the heat created by compressing the air in the cylinder to ignite the fuel, which is injected into the hot air after compression. In order to create the high temperatures needed to ignite diesel fuel, diesel engines have much higher compression ratios than
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Exhaust Gas Recirculation gasoline engines. Because diesel fuel is made of larger molecules than gasoline, burning diesel fuel produces more energy than burning the same volume of gasoline. The higher compression ratio in a diesel engine and the higher energy content of diesel fuel allow diesel engines to be more efficient than gasoline engines. 1.1. Formation of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) The same factors that cause diesel engines to run more efficiently than gasoline engines also cause them to run at a higher temperature. This leads to a pollution problem, the creation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). You see, fuel in any engine is burned with extra air, which helps eliminate unburned fuel from the exhaust. This air is approximately 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. When air is compressed inside the cylinder of the diesel engine,
All internal combustion engines generate power by creating explosions using fuel and air. These explosions occur inside the engine's cylinders and push the pistons down, which turns the crankshaft. Some of the power thus produced is used to prepare the cylinders for the next explosion by forcing the exhaust gases out of the cylinder, drawing in air (or fuel-air mixture in non-diesel engines), and compressing the air or fuel-air mixture before the fuel is ignited.
Fig 1. Working of four stroke engine.
There are several differences between diesel engines and non-diesel engines. Nondiesel engines combine a fuel mist with air before the mixture is taken into the cylinder, while diesel engines inject fuel into the cylinder after the air is taken in and compressed. Non-diesel engines use a spark plug to ignite the fuel-air mixture, while diesel engines use the heat created by compressing the air in the cylinder to ignite the fuel, which is injected into the hot air after compression. In order to create the high temperatures needed to ignite diesel fuel, diesel engines have much higher compression ratios than
18
Exhaust Gas Recirculation gasoline engines. Because diesel fuel is made of larger molecules than gasoline, burning diesel fuel produces more energy than burning the same volume of gasoline. The higher compression ratio in a diesel engine and the higher energy content of diesel fuel allow diesel engines to be more efficient than gasoline engines. 1.1. Formation of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) The same factors that cause diesel engines to run more efficiently than gasoline engines also cause them to run at a higher temperature. This leads to a pollution problem, the creation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). You see, fuel in any engine is burned with extra air, which helps eliminate unburned fuel from the exhaust. This air is approximately 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. When air is compressed inside the cylinder of the diesel engine,