Explain Whether Cognitive Ability Is Modifiable In The Older Adult
1. State whether Cognitive Ability is Modifiable in the Older Adult and if not, why not, but if so, please give an example. Yes According to Larkin (2015), growing older is accompanied by loss of memory and decline in thinking and problem solving. Moreover, inability to learn and eventually dementia. One example of this cognitive decline is dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive ability is modifiable through various brain stimulation such as, work related activities has a positive effect on cognitive aging. Change in many of myriads, both biological and psychological and cognitive. Some may be for better, and some are not. There is evidence that alterations in brain structure and function are a tie to change in cognitive function. Executive function is a key contributor to age-related declines in a range of cognitive tasks. For example, attention in the primary cognitive process seems to decrease in elderly patients. The ability to process information also decline. Working memory is also linked to an age-related deficit in a verify of cognitive task including long-term memory, language, and problem-solving. Cognitive function declines with aging especially the domains related to memory and information processing and speed changes in cognitive performance. Modifiable risk factors for the age-related cognitive decline have been identified, but their causality has not yet established. Poor folate status is one such suspected factor (Glisky, 2007). For example, an elderly patient may forget events that occur yesterday or where they leave keys or purse.
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2.
List four negative health outcomes of Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE)
1 Unhealthy lifestyle behavior research has suggested that survivor of ACE experience greater stress as an adult.
2 Chronic health
conditions
3 Low life potential
4 Early death
5 Smoking
6 Obesity
3. The Percentage of Women who have experienced childhood sexual experience is 21% according to the CDC- Kaiser ACE study The prevalence of child sexual abuse is difficult to determine because it is often not reported; experts agree that the incidence is far greater than what is report to authorities. CSA is also not uniformly defined so that statistics may vary. Statistics below represent some of the research done on child sexual abuse.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Children’s Bureau report Child Maltreatment 2010 found that 9.2% of victimized children were sexually assaulted (page 24).
Show that:
1 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 20 boys is a victim of child sexual abuse;
2 Self-report studies show that 20% of adult females and 5-10% of adult males recall a childhood sexual assault or sexual assault incident;
3 During a one-year period in the U.S., 16% of youth ages 14 to 17 had been sexually victimized;
4 Over the course of their lifetime, 28% of U.S. youth ages 14 to 17 had been sexually victimized; Children are most vulnerable to CSA between the ages of 7 and 13 (The National Center for the victim of Crime, 2012). 4. List the Healthy People 2020 overarching goals:
1. Attain high-quality; longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
2 Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve the health of all groups.
3 Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and
4 Improve the quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2016).
5. Briefly, state the result of the 1999 U. S. Supreme Court decision in Olmstead vs. LC. On June 22, 1999, the United States Supreme Court held in Olmstead v. L.C. that unjustified segregation of persons with disabilities constitutes discrimination in violation of Title II of the Americans with Disability Act. The Court held that public entities must provide community-based services to individuals with disabilities. When such services are appropriate; the affected persons do not oppose community-based treatment; and community-based services can be reasonably accommodated, taking into account the resources available to the public entity and the needs of others who are receiving disability services from the entity. The Supreme Court explained that it's holding "reflects two evident judgments." First, "institutional placement of persons who can handle and benefit from community settings perpetuates unwarranted assumptions that persons so isolated are incapable of or unworthy of participating in community life." Second, "confinement in an institution severely diminishes the everyday life activities of individuals, including family relations, social contacts, work options, economic independence, educational advancement, and cultural enrichment" (American Disability Act, 1999).
2.
List four negative health outcomes of Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE)
1 Unhealthy lifestyle behavior research has suggested that survivor of ACE experience greater stress as an adult.
2 Chronic health
conditions
3 Low life potential
4 Early death
5 Smoking
6 Obesity
3. The Percentage of Women who have experienced childhood sexual experience is 21% according to the CDC- Kaiser ACE study The prevalence of child sexual abuse is difficult to determine because it is often not reported; experts agree that the incidence is far greater than what is report to authorities. CSA is also not uniformly defined so that statistics may vary. Statistics below represent some of the research done on child sexual abuse.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Children’s Bureau report Child Maltreatment 2010 found that 9.2% of victimized children were sexually assaulted (page 24).
Show that:
1 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 20 boys is a victim of child sexual abuse;
2 Self-report studies show that 20% of adult females and 5-10% of adult males recall a childhood sexual assault or sexual assault incident;
3 During a one-year period in the U.S., 16% of youth ages 14 to 17 had been sexually victimized;
4 Over the course of their lifetime, 28% of U.S. youth ages 14 to 17 had been sexually victimized; Children are most vulnerable to CSA between the ages of 7 and 13 (The National Center for the victim of Crime, 2012). 4. List the Healthy People 2020 overarching goals:
1. Attain high-quality; longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
2 Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve the health of all groups.
3 Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and
4 Improve the quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2016).
5. Briefly, state the result of the 1999 U. S. Supreme Court decision in Olmstead vs. LC. On June 22, 1999, the United States Supreme Court held in Olmstead v. L.C. that unjustified segregation of persons with disabilities constitutes discrimination in violation of Title II of the Americans with Disability Act. The Court held that public entities must provide community-based services to individuals with disabilities. When such services are appropriate; the affected persons do not oppose community-based treatment; and community-based services can be reasonably accommodated, taking into account the resources available to the public entity and the needs of others who are receiving disability services from the entity. The Supreme Court explained that it's holding "reflects two evident judgments." First, "institutional placement of persons who can handle and benefit from community settings perpetuates unwarranted assumptions that persons so isolated are incapable of or unworthy of participating in community life." Second, "confinement in an institution severely diminishes the everyday life activities of individuals, including family relations, social contacts, work options, economic independence, educational advancement, and cultural enrichment" (American Disability Act, 1999).