Explain Why Flexion/Extension ROM

1. What is the difference between a. and a. Explain why flexion/extension ROM increases and axial rotation ROM decreases at the lower one to two thoracic interbody segments compared to the thoracic segments above. Flexion/extension ROM increases and axial rotation ROM decreases at the lower one to two thoracic interbody segments because this is where the thoracic vertebrae start to transition into lumbar vertebrae. These segments start to transition from a frontal plane bias to a sagittal plane bias, the sagittal plane bias allows for the increase in the flexion/extension ROM and the decrease in the axial rotation ROM.

2. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? Describe the two different types of rib cage elevation (upper vs lower ribs) and explain the biomechanical reason for this difference.
Lower rib rotation results in more of a frontal plane motion with the lateral shaft of the rib elevating like a bucket handle. The differences in the type of rib cage elevation can be explained by the axis of rotation orientation. The upper rib elevation being more of a sagittal plane motion occurring along a medial-lateral axis of rotation, and the lower rib elevation being more of a frontal plane rotation occurring along an anterior-posterior axis of rotation.

3. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? Provide at least two reasons why it is more common to have a lumbar disc herniation in the posterior-lateral direction.

A flexed spine position is more of a typical posture for individuals, which results in the disc migrating posteriorly. As this happens over time, the annulus fibers lose their strength and stability because of the prolonged