Preview

Exposé Institutions Politiques Uk

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3597 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Exposé Institutions Politiques Uk
Le système politique britannique

Introduction :
Dès 1215, le Royaume-Uni a constitué une exception politique en Europe. C’est une monarchie constitutionnelle, c’est-à-dire un régime qui reconnaît un souverain comme chef d’Etat, mais dont les pouvoirs sont limités par une constitution. Cependant, à la différence de la France, le Royaume-Uni ne possède pas de constitution écrite à proprement parler. Cette constitution repose sur des textes fondamentaux tels que l’Habeas Corpus ou le Bill of Rights. Contrairement à ses voisins, le Royaume-Uni vit dans le cadre d’une démocratie parlementaire reconnue par tous, comportant un système de séparation des pouvoirs. Le pouvoir exécutif est symboliquement détenu par le souverain, mais dévolu en pratique à un Premier Ministre. Le pouvoir législatif est accordé au Parlement devant lequel le gouvernement est responsable. C’est donc un régime parlementaire moniste.

Problématique :
En quoi les institutions politiques britanniques font-elles du Royaume-Uni une exception européenne ?
Comment ces institutions ont-elles évolué au cours des derniers siècles ?
Le système politique du Royaume-Uni est-il un modèle pour les autres nations ?

I°) Les textes fondamentaux et les origines du système britannique

A. La Grande Charte

Le premier texte dont la déclaration française des droits de l’homme de 1789 peut se réclamer est la Magna Carta ou Grande Charte, rédigée en 1215, sur le sol français, dans l’abbaye cistercienne de Pontigny, par des Anglais émigrés en révolte contre leur roi, Jean sans terre. Cette « Grande Charte des libertés d’Angleterre » est le premier texte d’une longue série incarnant la volonté de protection des sujets du roi d’Angleterre contre l’arbitraire de la couronne et de ses agents. Il énumère les privilèges accordés à l’Eglise d’Angleterre, à la cité de Londres, aux marchands, et aux dignitaires féodaux du régime. C’est aussi, probablement, le premier document dans le monde prévoyant des mesures

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    The two documents “Thomas Jefferson on the French Revolution,” and “A Positive American View,” are both written by American public figures, who are both in support of the revolutionary cause in France. In these documents they both express their views on the progress and steps taken by the people of France in general during this time. They raise interest in the reign of terror and what the monarch’s role should be in the future France.…

    • 1364 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    During Arthur Young’s travel through France from 1787 to 1789 he stated “There is an injustice levying on the amount of each person must pay” (Document 1). One Cause that brought of the French Revolution is the inequality of the levy and taxes on the among the 3…

    • 806 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    "Avalon Project - Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789." Avalon Project - Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/rightsof.asp>.…

    • 1888 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Experience of France and England in the 17th century demonstrates the intellectual and practical superiority of absolutism over constitutionalism. Absolutism in France was much more secure than Constitutionalism in England. Absolutism controlled all competing interest groups and organized all religious sects. Louis XIV had centralized power and control under his authority in France while Constitutionalism in England failed to create absolute monarchy. Constitutionalism in England dealt with James I, Charles I, and James II that led to a catastrophe.…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Rights of Man is a collection of several articles which insights radical political revolution when a country’s current government is not maintaining and protecting the rights of its society. The book was widely accepted, reprinted and distributed in support of the French revolution and was read aloud in coffee houses and inns in the newfound ‘coffee house culture’. The document states that ‘every age and generation must be as free to act for itself, in all cases, as the ages and generations which preceded it’. This extract therefore opposes the idea that government is hereditary and current society should be entitled to choose their own laws which to be governed by. It was due to ideas such as these that Paine was eventually tried in…

    • 824 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Written for a broad, general audience—without footnotes, a bibliography, or other formalities—The Coming of the French Revolution still holds a persuasive power over the reader. Georges Lefebvre wrote The Coming of the French Revolution in 1939, carefully dividing the story into six parts. The first four are organized around four acts, each associated with the four major groups in France—the “Aristocratic Revolution,” the “Bourgeois Revolution,” the “Popular Revolution,” and the “Peasant Revolution.” Part V examines the acts of the National Assembly to abolish feudalism and write Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, and Part VI presents the “October Days” (xv-xvii).…

    • 984 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Declaration of Independence, arguably the most important document in our history, was a statement of purpose. The declaration is divided into four sections, the first and most recognized is the preamble; in the preamble the colonies explain why it is necessary to issue a declaration. Second, it describes the inalienable rights of every man, which include: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The third section, which often times is overlooked, is a large list of grievances and accusations against King George III. The final section the colonies declare that they are, and of right ought to be, free and independent. The section, which includes numerous accusations against King George III, is particularly noteworthy, and it is through these grievances that the most important laws embedded in the Constitution were derived. Some of the complaints against the king may seem strange or even trivial to today's reader, but it must be remembered that the purpose of the Declaration was the molding of public opinion and not the recording of facts. The accusation expressed against King George III that points to his tyrannical character expressed in the Declaration of Independence can be highlighted by the dissatisfaction with the imposition of taxes on the colonies without their consent, the act of cutting off all colonial trade with the outside world, and through the obstruction of justice by means of refusing to fulfill his obligation to establish justice and a righteous judicial system.…

    • 947 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    “It has been several times truly remarked, that bills of rights are in their origin, stipulations between kings and their subjects, ... It is evident, therefore, that according to their primitive signification, they have no application to constitutions professedly founded upon the power of the people, and executed by their immediate representatives and servants...”…

    • 565 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    IN 1685 Louis XIV formally revoked the Edict of Nantes because he viewed it as an affront to his own claims to power.…

    • 2252 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Magna Carta Thesis

    • 849 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Constitution, a distinctly American invention that became the “gold standard” for world democracies thereafter, contains in its Bill of Rights (especially the Fifth Amendment) language that echoes the Magna Carta’s Article 39: “No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” Reference to the Great Charter has been made many times in the grand conversation of American politics through the years by U.S. presidents (e.g., FDR in his 1941 Inaugural Address) and other great political leaders. Most notably, the Magna Carta has been cited more than 100 times by the U.S. Supreme Court in its opinions and deliberations.…

    • 849 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    During the sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe was going through very hard times. Some of the European nation was developing an absolutist system which is “a system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power.” (Hunt 483) and some of the European nation was developing a constitutional system which is “a system in which the ruler shares power with an assembly of elected representatives.” (Hunt 484) Absolutism and constitutionalism faced huge competition with each other because “constitutionalism led to weakness in Poland-Lithuania but provided strong foundations for state power in England, the Dutch Republic, and the British North American colonies.” (Hunt 484) These English colonies found their most lasting appearance in the writings of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.…

    • 723 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    One sign that participation has declined in the UK is falling voter turnout. In 1979 76% of the electorate turned out to vote, whereas in 2001 it declined to 59.4%, recovering only slightly to 65.2% in 2010. Voting is an important form of political participation because it is the direct involvement of citizens in the selection of their political leaders. It’s decline is an important indicator of a fall in participation.…

    • 436 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Before the French Revolution, European cultures were restricted by “two major institutions: the Catholic and Protestant churches and the dynastic court systems” (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) where individual rights were given based on social ranks. The Enlightenment influenced the concept of human rights in France in that society had a better awareness of their world, which contributed to the emergence of cultural ambitions such as women forming political clubs to debate for social and political equality. Traditional governing ideas were gradually replaced by new governing visions to protect the natural rights of citizens over the king’s…

    • 1194 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    CBA Essay

    • 569 Words
    • 3 Pages

    France was ruled by Louis XVI, a King who believed he had ‘Divine Right’ to rule France. Louis XIV was a poor leader and was easily influenced by his wife, Queen Marie Antoinette. At the time, there was a parliament in France known as the States-General, which consisted of representatives from each of the main classes or the three “estates” being the nobility, the clergy and the peasant who represented the third estate. However, “Louis XVI’s decision to convene the Estates-General in May 1789 became a turning point in French history.” This parliament was useless as not only did the nobility and the clergy hold much more power than the peasants but the parliament held almost no power itself, only having small legislative power, as from 1614 to 1789 the parliament never met so all the power of France was vested in the King. It also produced an entirely new concept of sovereignty with extremely far-reaching implications.…

    • 569 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Constitution of Society – Anthony Giddens – Del 2 av 3, s. 40-180 ................................................................................................................................................................. 1…

    • 51832 Words
    • 208 Pages
    Powerful Essays