External World Skepticism Summary

There is a type of cynicism that surrounds skepticism where skepticism is tied to a wide range of possibilities; sometimes leading to contradictions. The idea that the world is dependent on individual and collective thought leads to a lot of speculation to the brain’s limits and how to actively reason one’s way out of it. Rinhard’s goal is to convince an external world skeptic by understanding their mode of thought and to deny a skeptic’s conclusion to belief. Rinard does provide a plausible instance to find your way out of skepticism’s hold. Rinard starts by discussing where external world skepticism begins and how the world is shaped by what we believe it to be. For example if I say everything happens for the reason, then it would be extremely hard to pinpoint where that belief stems from in order to disprove it, yet there is a major shift from what I believe to those who do not believe such. Moreover,
An external world skeptic would agree in that our senses are not reliable when making judgements, however its context usually refers to the close past and/or present: not the distant past. Complex reasoning alike gives the context to link past events or memories of them in finding a conclusion using judgement. Complex reason is completely reliant on the past. Rinard argues that skepticism about the past leads to denying complex reasoning which implies that the skeptic’s reasoning is illogical and flawed. A skeptic might respond with a memory’s accuracy and how documentation of said past events brings legitimacy which then leads the external world skeptic into a selective skeptic. However the same can be said about legitimizing memories by saying it was the work of the deceiver. The response of an evil deceiver can be used for all rebuttals since it has no limits of application to which it can be tied to and is purely circular in its