In contrast, he speaks again about oil spills with an intelligent remark. Oil spills were stated by him to be a completely different matter. Sample results show that the concentrations of dangerous toxins were below the level of regulatory concerns. Most of the harmful parts were already dispersed when the spill hit the shoreline.…
As the assistant to Michael Brune, the executive director of the Sierra Club, I am in full support of The Exploratory Fracking and Extraction act. I would like to express concerns associated with hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, on behalf of the Sierra Club.…
The Exxon Valdez spill is one of the most catastrophic disasters in American History. On March 24, 1989 Exxon Valdez freighter was on its way to its destination point in Valdez when the oil freighter struck a reef. When hitting the reef the Exxon Valdez spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into the very well-known waters called Prince William Sound. The spill has affected well over a thousand miles of the Southwest Alaskan short lines. The spill killed many different types of species of birds. The spill killed many species of fish and other sea animals.…
BP dedicated a portion of its restoration website to highlight technological advancements it has implemented for safer oil drilling, in hope of restoring public trust in the company. This portion of the website, titled “Safer drilling”, explains what went wrong during the oil spill and the lessons BP has learned from the spill. One of the documents provided goes in-depth into the analysis of all the problems that occurred during the spill. An easy to understand graphic explains the eight different well integrity issues that caused the spill, and then explains how BP has changed its standard operations in response to these failings. The rest of document is broken into sub-sections that relate to each of these issues. For example, a section on oil spill containment is presented, which outlines the mobile “BP Global Deepwater Well Cap and Tooling Package” that BP created encase of other oil spill. The package can be deployed anywhere in the world within hours and provides all the necessary tools for capping a deep-water oil rig, and cleaning any oil spilled. This section of the website was created because it is essential in restoring public faith in the company’s ability to operate its daily…
In the middle of the night of March 24, 1989, the giant oil tanker Exxon Valdez veered out of the shipping lanes in Alaska’s Prince William Sound and struck a reef. The side of the tanker was ripped open, and 11 million gallons of crude oil flowed out into Alaska’s clear blue waters. Because petroleum oil is insoluble (does not dissolve) in water and less dense, it quickly spread across the surface. The oil slick eventually covered 10,000 square miles, contaminating 1500 miles of shoreline, and causing substantial damage to wildlife, the fishing industry, and the marine environment.…
The recent explosion, deaths, and environmental impact of the deepwater Horizon oil drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico brought the question of drilling platform safety to the forefront of the news, continuing to do so over two years later. The disaster is one of the more recent events and “is the largest marine oil spill in history” (Cleveland, 2013).…
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 was signed into law in August that year. It came about mostly because of the public response and concerns after the Exxon Valdez incident in which an oil tanker heading to port in Long Beach, CA ran aground in Prince Williams Sound, AK spilling up to an estimated 750,000 barrels of crude oil. Although ranking well down the list on the world’s largest oil spills for quantity dumped, the remote location of the spill made response and recovery extremely difficult. One of the key provisions of the OPA - §1002(a) Provides that the responsible party for a vessel or facility from which oil is discharged, or which poses a substantial threat of a discharge, is liable for: (1) certain specified damages resulting from the discharged oil; and (2) removal costs incurred in a…
On March 24, 1990 a 987 foot oil liner named the Exxon Valdez ran aground spewing 11 million gallons of crude oil into the Prince William Sound. The Exxon Valdez gutted herself on the Bligh Reef. No lives were lost were lost in the accident but four lives were lost in the cleanup. Because of the remote location people can only get to by air or sea made response to the accident difficult. This also had an impact on the economy. About $2,673,000 worth of oil was spilt and an Anchorage Judge allotted $287 million dollars to the cleanup. So nearly $5,962,000 was lost/spent. The oil also destroyed the ecosystem. Large amounts of herring, salmon, and halibut were killed.…
Due to today’s new technology that is continuously updated the new drilling rigs have considerably reduced the risk of potential accidents. In the most recent situations that have occurred due to oil rigs BP being one and the Exxon Valdez accident in 1989 off the coast of Alaska being another. Researchers were able to discover that there were several factors that stacked up in order for these accidents to occur. Once of the main causes involved highly negligent practices such as strained workers, unfulfilled promises of advanced technology equipment and several safety regulation violations. BP has been known to have an appalling track record concerning safety and has been fined 760 times in comparison to one of our leading oil drilling companies ExxonMobil, who has been only fined once and has had no incidents.…
The law says “A responsible party under the Oil Pollution Act is one who is found accountable for the discharge or substantial threat of discharge of oil from a vessel or facility into navigable waters, exclusive economic zones, or the shorelines of such covered waters. Responsible parties are strictly, jointly, and severally liable for the cost of removing the oil in addition to any damages linked to the discharge. Unlike the liability for removal costs which are uncapped, liability for damages is limited as discussed in further detail below. Furthermore the Oil Pollution Act allows for additional liability enacted by other relevant state laws. Under the Oil Pollution Act, federal, tribal, state, and any other person can recover removal costs from a responsible party so long as such entity has incurred costs from carrying out oil removal activities in accordance with the Clean Water Act National Contingency Plan. Reimbursement claims must first be made to the responsible party. If the potentially responsible party refutes liability or fails to distribute the reimbursement within 90 days of the claim, the claimant may file suit in court or bring the claim to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund described below. In some instances, claims for removal cost reimbursement can be initially brought to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund thus sidestepping the responsible party. For example, claimants advised by the EPA, governors of affected states, and American claimants for incidents involving foreign vessels or facilities may initially present their claims to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund. When claims for removal cost reimbursement are brought to the fund, the claimant must prove that removal costs were sustained from activities required to avoid or alleviate effects of the incident and that such actions were approved or directed by the federal on-scene…
One little mistake can make a big change in history. Due to the Exxon Valdez oil spill, wildlife died, and water and land was contaminated. It took over 10 years and a lot of work from people to return the area of the spill to normal. The people came and rescued the animals so the…
Air pollution is also a factor in the spill. According to "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" (2011), “The amount of air pollutants in the atmospheric plume generated by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was similar to a large city” This is also a primary pollutant. Once the hydrocarbons mix with sunlight, they will create ozone, which is a secondary pollutant. It is considered a secondary pollutant because it was produced in the atmosphere by a chemical and physical process from a primary pollutant (crude oil…
On April 20th, 2010, an oil rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico. As a result, approximately 4.9 billion barrels of oil poured into the gulf over the course of 87 days. This tragedy resulted in lives lost, both human and animal alike, and really brought the issue of off-shore oil drilling to attention. While some may believe that offshore oil drilling may seem like a harmless source of revenue for the United States, it is imperative that citizens realize that drilling does more harm than good. America needs to consider the negative effects of offshore oil drilling on the environment, the economy, and the future.…
The Clean Air Act contained laws that were meant to help control air pollution on a national level. It addressed acid rain, ozone depletion, and toxic air pollution. The act encouraged the use of low-sulfur fuels as well as alternative fuels in order to reduce sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. Sulfur Dioxide is the main component of acid rain. It also dealt with reducing the amount of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) being used to help prevent ozone depletion. It established methods to help the stratosphere by preventing certain chemicals from entering into it. Finding substitutes that cause less damage and proper recycling and disposing of chemicals were some things that helped. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was made responsible for…
Cited: KONINGS, CHRIS. 1997. Coastal Oil Spill: Apollo Sea Shipping Disaster--June 1994. Journal of Contingencies & Crisis Management Vol. 5: 118-120.…