REVIEW NORMAL ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
EFFECTS OF AGING
ASSESSMENTS
TYPES OF DISORDERS
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Review assessment of the eye • History • Physical Exam • Gerontologic considerations
DEFINITIONS
Ophthalmologist
Optician
Optometrist
REFRACTIVE ERRORS
This defect is a result of irregular corneal curvature, length of the eye, or the focusing power of the lens
*Myopia
* Hyperopia
* Presbyopis
* Astigmatism
* Aphakia
GERONTOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
Normal Changes
Psychosocial Impact
* Common Dysfunctions • Cataracts • Macular Degeneration • Glaucoma
VISION
HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH EDUCATION
EARLY RECOGNITION OF PROBLEMS
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
Eye exam
Recommended every 3-5 years under age 40
Then should be at least every 2 years, especially for glaucoma screening
If history of vision problems, eye disease, diabetes, CV disease, HTN etc., eye exams should be more frequent
VISION ASSESSMENT
Health History
• Past History • Life-style & Health Practices
Safety glasses
Sunglasses
Medications
Last eye exam
TYPICAL EYE SYMPTOMS
Recent changes in vision
Spots or floaters, blind spots
Halos, rings around lights
Flashing lights
Tunnel vision
Trouble seeing at night
Diplopia
Eye pain, redness, discharge
Blurred vision
Excess tearing, crusting
Itching, burning
Photophobia
Diplopia
Visual Assessment
External Structure examination
Visual acuity
Pupil Function
Muscle function
Tonometry
Opthalmoscopy
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
Study Guide – Appendix M
• Visual Acuity Test - Snellen Eye Chart • Tonometry • Gonioscopy • Ophthalmoscopy • Color • Vision (Ansler Grid Test) Slit Lamp Microscopy • Fluorescein