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LIFE IN BRUSSELS

RIZAL IN BRUSSELS AND MADRID
(1890-1891)

 Jose Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he went to
Belgium.

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Rizal’s Articles in La Solidaridad

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Rizal’s Filipinized Tagalog Orthography

 Albert and Rizal momentarily stayed in a cozy house of Suzanne and Marie Jacoby at No. 38 Philippe Champagne, Brussels.

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Second Part of Calamba Agrarian Trouble

 Activities:

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Return to Madrid (1890-1891)

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Rizal and Panganiban

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* Property of STI

Life in Brussels

Duel Between Rizal and Retana

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Rivalry of Rizal and del Pilar
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Finished the remaining chapters of El Filibusterismo.
Wrote articles as an active contributor of La Solidaridad newspaper.
Wrote letters for his family and friends in the Philippines and Europe.
Exercised in the gym and practiced skills in target shooting and fencing. * Property of STI

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RIZAL’S
ARTICLES IN
 La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All)
It contained words that defended native local officials from the libelous statements committed by the Spanish government officials against the Filipino people.

 Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo
It contained Jose Rizal’s attacks on Barrantes’ gray ideal about the Tagalog theatrical art.

 Una Profanacion (A Profanation)
This article was about Rizal’s criticism towards some Spanish church officials for denying a Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa.
* Property of STI

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RIZAL’S
ARTICLES IN
 Verdades Nuevas (New Truths)
It contained Rizal’s defense about the letter written by Vicente
Belloc Sanchez when he argued that the Philippines should not be granted any kind of social and political reforms.

 Crueldad (Cruelty)
It contained a distinctive defense of Ferdinand Blumentritt against
Rizal’s Spanish foes.

 Differencias (Differences)
This article condemned the Spaniards who made fun of Filipinos clamoring for political reforms.
* Property of STI

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RIZAL’S
ARTICLES IN
 Inconsequencias (Inconsequences)
This was an article intended to defend Antonio Luna’s arguments against the article written by Pablo Mir Deas.

 Llanto y Risas (Tears and Laughter)
This article condemned the racial discrimination of the Spaniards to the Filipinos.

 Ingratitudes (Ingratitude)
This article contained the defense of the Filipinos who initiated socio-political reforms and who exposed the oppression of the
Spanish authorities to their fellow Filipinos.
* Property of STI

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RIZAL’S FILIPINIZED
TAGALOG ORTHOGRAPHY
 As early as 1886, Jose Rizal adopted the Filipinized Tagalog orthography when he was in Leipzig, Germany.
 His Filipinized Tagalog orthography was adopted in Noli Me
Tangere.
 According to him, the letters k and w should be used instead of the Spanish letters c and o.
 While Rizal was in Brussels, he published an article entitled
“Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala” or The New
Orthography of the Tagalog Language.
* Property of STI

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SECOND PART OF
CALAMBA AGRARIAN TROUBLE

RETURN TO MADRID
(1890-1891)

 The agrarian trouble sparked when the Dominican friars raised the rent rates of the agricultural lands until such time that Don Francisco Mercado refused to pay his rent.

 Rizal’s family appealed the decision of the Spanish court in
Calamba and their case was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in Spain.

 The Dominican friars sued those who did not pay their rent to the Spanish court in Calamba.
It ruled that the Filipino farmers be persecuted and they included members of Rizal’s family.

 Paciano sent a letter to Jose Rizal informing him that they needed a lawyer to handle their case in Madrid.

* Property of STI

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 In Brussels, Jose Rizal sent a letter to M.H. del Pilar asking him to represent his family before the Supreme Court about their appeal on the decision made by the Spanish court in
Calamba.

* Property of STI

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RETURN TO MADRID
(1890-1891)
 Aside from seeking the legal services of M.H. del Pilar, Jose
Rizal tried to seek the help of the Filipino community in
Madrid.
 Rizal, accompanied by M.H. del Pilar and Dr. Dominador
Gomez, went to see Señor Fabie to protest the injustices committed by the present Governor-General Weyler and the
Dominicans against the Calamba folks.
 Unfortunately, Señor Fabie ignored the issue that was brought up by Jose Rizal.

* Property of STI

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RIZAL’S EULOGY TO
PANGANIBAN
Panganiban, that excellent companion of labor and difficulty, that amiable friend and countryman beloved, has just described to the tomb at the early age of 27 years. We just caught his last whisper, saw him expire in our arms, as it were, and it seems as if we are listening to his phrases saturated with energetic patriotism, inspired by the purest love of his native land…
His was a desperation to die far, very far from the native soil, separated from his family, from his deepest affections, and in the flower of his youth, in his rosiest illusions and hopes, when a rosy future was in sight…
That is why his last words were of loving remembrance of his idolized Fatherland, were a heartfelt farewell to the Philippines. And if we still take into account certain events of his life consecrated to a most vehement love of his native land, we understand the sorrow of his heart must have felt to see buried with him legitimate hopes, ardent desires, and just aspirations.

* Property of STI

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DUEL BETWEEN RIZAL
AND RETANA

RIZAL’S EULOGY TO
PANGANIBAN
August 19 (1890), was a day of mourning to numerous Filipinos in Europe. And what a fatal coincidence on the same month and day of the year just passed we had to deplore the death of another friend and countryman, Feliciano
Gonzales Timbang.
A sad fate! Panganiban, endowed with uncommon talent, with privileged intelligence, and with indefatigable industry, was one of the sacred, legitimate hopes of his unfortunate country. That head has been buried in the dust, that vigorous intelligence has been prematurely ended. Filipinas, how unfortunate thou art!
(Zaide, 1994: 177-178)

* Property of STI

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 Wenceslao E. Retana – a talented Spanish scholar and a press agent of the friars in Spain
 Rizal challenged Retana to a duel after reading Retana’s article in La Epoca.
 Realizing that Rizal was serious about the challenge, Retana published a retraction on his attacks against the Filipino farmers and Jose Rizal’s family.

* Property of STI

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RIVALRY OF RIZAL AND
DEL PILAR
 Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar were two of the most prominent Filipino figures in Madrid.
 According to Rizal, the reform should be initiated in the members’ personal values.
 Rizal’s idea was despised by the expatriate Filipinos in
Madrid because according to them, his idealism invaded their private lives.
 M.H. del Pilar eventually published an editorial policy against Rizal’s ideology.

* Property of STI

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RIVALRY OF RIZAL AND
DEL PILAR
 The expatriate Filipinos gathered on January 1, 1891 to draft the editorial policy of La Solidaridad and appoint a reform leader who will be called the Responsable.
 After three nights of arguments on who should be appointed as the Responsable, the majority of the total number of participants (2/3 votes) concluded that Rizal was the right person for the position.
 Jose Rizal declined to his appointment as the Responsible even though he acquired the most number of votes because he knew that he already lost the support of the Filipino community in Madrid.
* Property of STI

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