FT-IR Spectra Lab Report

2.3. Characterization
2.3.1. FT-IR spectra
The IR spectra of different powder were recorded using FT-IR Spectrometer, Spectrum RX1, USA. The samples were prepared in the pellet form by pressing their mixed powder with KBr by the ratio 1:10 in the Perkin Elmer hydraulic device.
2.3.2. UV-Vis absorption spectra measurement UV-Vis spectra were recorded in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) in the range 200-800 nm. All the UV-vis measurements were accomplished by a Shimadzu PC3101 spectrophotometer, under computer monitoring.
2.3.3. Thermogravimetric analysis / differential thermal analysis (TGA / DTA).
The thermal characteristic was studied by TGA, Q50, TA Instruments, USA. Experiment was carried out under N2 atmosphere from 30 oC to 1000 oC
Electrical Conductivity Measurements:
The electrical conductivity was performed using METRISO 5000A electrometer. The measured samples were in the pellets form of 4.5 mm diameter and 1-4 mm thickness by pressing them under a pressure of ca 300 kg/cm-2. Good contact area was achieved by liquid silver painting on the two opposite surfaces of each pellet. The Cu-CuNi thermocouple placed close to the examined sample was utilized to measure the temperature in air.
2.3.6. Removal of heavy metal ions from water of lake El-Manzala, Egypt via adsorption:
The removal of heavy metal ions from water of lake El-Manzala, Egypt by material samples was evaluated by utilizing atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (Derkin Elmer 2380 spectrophotometer). The tested heavy metal ions included Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) as examples of heavy metal ions in water from lake El-Manzala, Egypt.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. FT-IR Spectral
UV-Vis absorption spectra measurements
The UV-vis absorption spectra of terpolymers PANI-AA-o-PDA EB and PANI-AA-o-PDA EB / Kaolinite composites (PAAAPDAK1, PAAAPDAK2-6) in DMF are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that, the PANI-AA-o-PDA EB and PANI-AA-o-PDA EB / kaolinite composites (PAAAPDAK1, PAAAPDAK2-6) showed three absorption bands located at 291-293 nm, 336-344 nm and 423-436 nm. The two bands first major absorption band at about 291-293 nm and 336-344 nm, are attributed to π→π* transition at higher level of energy. Which considered as a measure of the extent of conjugation between the adjacent phenyl rings and benzenoid to quinoid exciton transitions in the polymer backbone at lower energy side [ , ]. The third major absorption broad band appeared at about 423-436 nm, which is assigned to polaronic excitation of benzenoid to quinonoid ring [ ].
For PAAAPDAK2-6 composites, a bathochromic shift of the second absorption band due to the π→π* transition occurred comparable with that of the pristine PANI-AA-o-PDA EB. This band shifted to 339, 344, 344, 340, and 338 nm for PAAAPDAK2, PAAAPDAK3, PAAAPDAK4, PAAAPDAK5 and PAAAPDAK6, respectively, implying an increase in the extent of conjugation and a decrease in the band